摘要
维特根斯坦主体思想的重要特点就是使主体界限化,由此形成了一种特殊的主体形式——界限主体。界限主体具有“非之中”的逻辑机制,“非之中”是“非世界之中”的逻辑结构,“非之中”不是“在之外”,“非世界之中”也不是“在世界之外”,它仅仅意味着“不在世界之中”,它是世界的界限。界限主体具有否定性和“零位”特征,是一种外在的超越机制,它是逻辑哲学主体思想发展到极致而出现的一种形态,进一步发展就走向了它的反面——“在之中”主体,即主体“在世界之中”。这种主体是一种内在的超越机制,海德格尔的此在就是一种“在之中”的主体形式。从“非之中”到“在之中”的过程反映了当代哲学从逻辑世界到生活世界的转变。
Wittgenstein related subject to the limit of the world, and the subject in the limit-sense in his logical philosophy provides a special dimension to the notion of subject. Wittgenstein observes, ＂The subject does not belong to the world, rather, it is a limit of the world.＂ ＂The philosophical self is not the human being, not the human body, or the human soul, with which psychology deals, but rather the metaphysical subject, the limit of the world not a part of it. ＂The sense that the subject is not a part of the world and does not belong to it points to the logical form of ＂In-non-being＂in the boundary subject.
＂In-non-being＂can be perceived as similar to＂not P＂, both being negative forms. From the perspective of logical space, the ＇mot＂in＂not P＂means＂outside＂, thus＂not P＂lies outside P. ＂Every proposition has only one negative; there is only one proposition lying quite outside P＇.＂ In contrast world. T can be ne being＂ does not mean＂ outside＂ he difference between the two consists gated from outside, whereas the suhjec , not implying that the subject lies outside the in the fact that P is a part of the world and thus t of ＂in-non-being＂is the world as a whole, which presumes that there is no＂outside＂. The subject as a limit does not belong to the world, nor is it outside the world. It exists only as the limit of the world. The subject in relation to the world can be likened to the eye in relation to the visual field-the eye can not be actually seen. The subject as a limit is a＂zero-point＂of the subject system, just as＂0＂is a symbol in arithmetic. The subject as ＂zero-point＂is a real entity, not the non-existence of subject or the death of subject. By introducing the notion of subject as a limit, Wittgenstein intends to refute the previous thought＂ There is no such thing as the subject that thinks or entertains ideas. ＂
The subject as a limit is transcendental. Unlike ＂not-P＂, which transcends P by means of negating ＂not＂and of �
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2006年第3期93-99,共7页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
教育部哲学社会科学重大基金资助项目(05JJD720.40002)
国家哲学社会科学创新基地"语言与认知研究"资助项目(205000-811342)
关键词
界限主体
维特根斯坦
海德格尔
主体思想
the subject as a limit
in-non-being
in-being
negation~ engagement in the word
