摘要
周代的封国是否城邦?学术界有截然相反的两种看法。由于分封与宗法是合一的,在封国制下,“天下”的关系就既是诸侯与天子的封建关系,又是小宗对大宗的宗法关系,封国制具有双重性,其内部隐藏着统一和分立的矛盾。把封国称作城邦,等同于希腊古典城邦,和把周的政治体系称作统一的中央集权制度,把封国说成与希腊城邦决然相反,毫无共通之处,都是片面的。只有把握住了统一和分立的内在矛盾,才可以理解周代的封国制,也有助于理解古典城邦制的特点。
Are the Zhou＇s Fengguoes city states？ There are two opposite viewpoints on it. Because the Fenfeng system （ ‘feudalism＇ in the pre-Qin China） was combined with the Zongfa system （the political clan system）, the major social relationships under Heaven was not only between the feudal lords and the son of Heaven, but also between the clan branches and the trunck patriarchs. Therefore, the fengguo system contained a deep contradiction between centralism and independence. So to name the fengguoes city states, compareing them to those in ancient Greece, is as biased as to view the Zhou’s system as a united and centralized state completely different from that in ancient Greece. Only when we hold the inner contradiction between centralism and independence can we understand the Zhou＇s fengguo system, and can help understand the classical city-state system in a comparative perspective.
出处
《中国社会科学院研究生院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第2期96-101,共6页
Journal of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
关键词
周代
封国
宗法制
古典城邦
the Zhou Dynasty
fengguo （feudal state）
zongfa （political clan system）
classical city states
