摘要
本文首先对Subjective Rights一词文本起源、内涵、演变等作了较为系统地梳理,认为它是中世纪的有限的权利,作为人的主体的权利,也是中世纪西欧法律和法律结构向近代变化的重要标志:自然法向自然权利的转变,客观的法为重心向个体权利为重心的转变。为表述该概念中昭示的人的主体性及其在西欧中世纪法律政治建构中的重要性,故译为“主体权利”。主体权利起源于12世纪,从此西欧存在两种法系,即源于上帝的“神法”或人之本性的“自然法”与“人法”、“实定法”并立。两种法系存在距离,但前者总是作为后者的内在原则出现,并对后者的走向有着巨大的影响。主体权利观念是西方文明之魂,是现代权利和权利思想的母体,是解读西方历史与社会的重要切入点。
The word of “Subjective rights” originated in the 12th. centuries, it demonstrated a kind of limited right in the Middle Ages, and an important mark of the modernizations of medieval western Europe law: it was the result of the transition of natural law to the natural right, and the transition of the law from emphasizing the law as objective one to that of the individual right. In sum,“Subjective rights” is the core of the Western civilization, the base of modern individual right and thought, and also an important start point for understanding the Western history and society.
出处
《史学理论研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第1期124-129,共6页
Historiography Bimonthly
