摘要
基于人口生活用水的入户实地调查,结合中国北方县域单元人口和气象台站降水量,厘定了不同降水带及其不同时段的人均生活耗水系数(η),同时得出相应地带不同时代的人口生活耗水量。研究表明:不同降水带的η值从20世纪50年代到90年代增长速度加快,100～200、200～400、400～600和600～800mm降水带η值增加幅度依次为1.84倍、2.62倍、2.84倍和2.68倍;从不同降水带来看,人口生活耗水量从20世纪50年代到90年代都是400～600mm降水带最高,然后向两边依次递减。降水带人口生活耗水量与相应降水带面积的比值(k)普遍增加,表明中国北方各降水带人口生活耗水量对各带的生态环境压力在增大。研究可为估算不同地带人口生活用水量、建立家户层次的水资源高效利用模式提供参考。
Based on the data of urban and rural household surveys of domestic water consumption in combination with county-level population and precipitation of weather stations in northern China,this paper discusses per capita domestic water consumption coefficient in different precipitation zones and different periods of time.It shows that urban domestic water consumption coefficient（η1）, rural domestic water consumption coefficient（η2） and domestic water consumption coefficient（η）increased rapidly from the 1950s to the 1990s,and the increasing extents of ηof 100-200mm,200-400mm,400- 600mm and 600-800mm are 1.84,2.62,2.84 and 2.68 times respectively,resulting from the combination of quantity of water resources and the speed of urbanization.η1 and η2 of various precipitation zones increased with η1 increasing more quickly than η2,and the difference between the two also widened.The increasing extent of η1 of 200-400mm precipitation zone is greater than those of the other zones.The water consumption in northern China presents a rising trend.According to each precipitation zone,domestic water consumption of 400-600mm precipitation zone ranked the first place from the 1950s to the 1990s and then decreased orderly toward both sides, k value shows the ratio of domestic water consumption in various precipitations zones to their corresponding area increases generally,which represents the impact of domestic water consumption in northern China on eco-environment intensified.The k value of each precipitation zone rises up with time passing by,and the increment extent of k value turns out bigger from 100-200mm precipitation zone to 600-800mm precipitation zone.The change of k value demonstrates that the impact of domestic water consumption on eco-environment intensifies in each precipitation zone.This study presents the spatial and temporal differences of domestic water consumption and the impact of social factor on domestic water consumption,so it can provide the reference for calculating domestic water requireme
出处
《自然资源学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第2期231-237,共7页
Journal of Natural Resources
基金
国家重点基础规划研究项目(2006CB400505)
国家自然科学基金项目(40271005)
关键词
人口生活耗水量
耗水系数
人户调查
中国北方
domestic water consumption
water consumption coefficient
household survey
northern China
