摘要
19世纪末20世纪初,在美国工业化的非常时期,美国知识分子充当了社会改革的谋士和牛虻。这一时期,大垄断阶层的诞生和发展不仅引发了贫富分化、劳资对立等严重的社会问题,也在美国掀起了一场“地位革命”,导致了中产阶级知识分子社会地位的边缘化,使知识分子追求自我实现的心理被挫败,同时,社会财富分配不公以及劳资冲突愈演愈烈的局面也震撼着知识分子的社会良知与社会安全意识,促使他们产生了有所作为的内在冲动,他们率而改革,匡扶正义、革除社会弊端,成为一支举足轻重的社会力量。19世纪末20世纪初美国知识分子的社会改革行为与其渴求成功、追求正义、求稳怕乱的心态间有着必然的联系。
The years between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw the industrialization of the society in the United States and the rise of the American intellectuals. During this period, the birth and development of the monopoly class caused not only serious social problems including the polarization and the confrontation between the poor and the rich, but also the ＂revolution of the social status＂ and the decline of the social status of the middle-class intellectuals, which defeated their desire for self-realization; in the meantime, the unfair distribution of the social wealth and the increasing class confrontation also touched those intellectuals＇ social conscience and sense of safety. All these led to their rise for social reform. Psychologically speaking, there is a direct connection between the rise of the intellectuals and their pursuit for success, justice and order.
出处
《天津大学学报（社会科学版）》
2006年第1期40-45,共6页
Journal of Tianjin University：Social Sciences
关键词
美国知识分子
社会改革
心理动因
荣誉动机
社会良知
忧患意识
American intellectuals
social reform
psychological origin
motive for honor
social conscience
feeling of anxiety
