摘要
健康风险评价是定量描述污染对人体健康产生危害的重要方法,目前国内主要应用于地表水或污水回用的评价。文中针对地下水中有机污染物,考虑中国人饮水习惯及有机污染物的自然衰减作用,对U·S·EPA推荐模型进行了改进,并以北方某市一典型有机污染区的地下水为例,对地下水中污染物通过食入和皮肤接触两种途径进入人体产生的危害进行了风险计算和评价,分析了其主要风险来源。结果表明,典型区各点的非致癌风险均未超标,但有4个点的致癌风险超过U·S·EPA推荐的可接受风险值(1·0×10-4),其中B408点致癌风险高达1·37×10-3,不宜作为饮用水水源;各个点风险的主要贡献因子均是饮水途径摄入的三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯。但饮用煮沸的水在很大程度上能降低风险,建议不饮用生水。
Health-based risk assessment is an important method to quantitatively describe the relationship between pollution and human health. Currently, most assessments are applied to surface water or re-used water in China. In this paper, U. S EPA＇s model is improved by considering the natural attenuation of organic contaminants and the drinking habit of Chinese people. Moreover, aiming at organic contaminants in groundwater, an assessment example for a typical contamination area in northern China is presented. In this example, the risks caused by ingestion from drinking water and by dermal contact with shower water are estimated, and the sources of main risks are analyzed. The results show that none of the sampling points＇ non-cancerous risks index exceed accepted standard. However, cancerous risks at 4 points exceed U.S. EPA＇s recommended risk index （1.0 × 10^-4 ）, especially, the risk index at point 13408, which reaches 1.37 × 10^-3. Therefore, these wells are not suitable for potable water supply. The main risks for all points are caused by TCE and PCE, which are ingested from drinking water. However, drinking boiled water can reduce the risk dramatically. Therefore, we recommend to drink only boiled water.
出处
《地学前缘》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第1期224-229,共6页
Earth Science Frontiers
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(40372109)
国家科技攻关计划项目(2003BA614A-10-01)
关键词
地下水
有机污染
健康风险评价
groundwater
organic contaminatiom health-based risk assessment
