摘要
白鹿洞书院和岳麓书院是最富影响力的两所宋代儒家书院,本文将它们作为两个范例,来举例说明宋代儒家书院的历史和教育文化。文章通过对书院学规和著名会讲的记述,以及对书院建筑、布局、祠庙乃至碑铭的描述,再现了宋代儒家书院的生活和学习情形。吕祖谦、朱熹和张栻等道学领袖们致力于强化书院,为书院的道德规范和人才培养创立了指导方针。当朝廷官学致力于科举应试时,这些道学领袖们却将道德伦理的教育置于首要的位置,探索如何在书院中培养具有儒家道统价值取向的士人群体。不过,朝廷的支持始终还是这些儒家书院得以创建和发展的关键因素,并且,在此后的几个世纪中,朝廷还不断加强了对这类书院的监管。文章同时也认为,在书院运动中,朱熹的影响力逐渐超过了他的同道们———即便是在朱熹本来仅仅作为张栻访客的岳麓书院。
The White Dear Grotto Academy and the Yuelu Academy were among the two most influential Song era academies; thus, these two examples are used to illustrate the history and educational culture of Confucian academies. Life and education at the academies are portrayed not only through their study rules and famous lectures but also through descriptions of the architecture, layout, shrines, and inscriptions at the academies. Daoxue leaders, such as Lue Zuqian, Zhu Xi and Zhang Shi, cooperated in strengthening these academies and establishing guidelines for me moral and intellectual conducted therein. While the government＇s schools were focused on training for the civil service examinations, these Daoxue leaders put priority on ethical training and sought to cultivate a community or fellowship among the students. Nonetheless, government support was crucial to the establishment and development of these Confucian academies. Moreover, governments over the centuries increased supervision of such academies. The article also suggests how Zhu Xi＇s influence gradually overshadowed his friends-even at the Yuelu Academy where he had earlier originally been Zhang Shi＇s guest.
出处
《湖南大学学报（社会科学版）》
2005年第6期3-9,共7页
Journal of Hunan University(Social Sciences)
关键词
白鹿洞书院
岳麓书院
儒家道学
吕祖谦
朱熹
张栻
White Deer Grotto academy
Yuelu academy
Daoxue Confucianism
Lue Zuqian
Zhu Xi
Zhang Shi
