摘要
类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)具有极高的突变性,使疫苗的研制非常困难,且临床没有安全有效的治疗方法。所以目前防治主要手段以预防为主,普及HIV抗原抗体检测,尽早发现感染者,控制其传播。血清免疫学实验依然是实验室诊断HIV主要依据,早期检测HIV抗体,间接诊断HIV感染,其他技术包括HIV P24抗原测定,病毒分离,HIV病毒载量测定,HIV核酸检测及CD4细胞计数等作为辅助诊断。随着分子生物学技术的迅猛发展,HIV的检测方法从聚合酶链反应(PCR),到荧光实时定量PCR,再到基因芯片的应用,都使我们对遏制艾滋病蔓延和扩散充满信心。本文综述了实验检测HIV的血清学方法,以及聚合酶链反应的基因诊断技术,新近发展的基因芯片技术和评价免疫功能的CD4细胞计数方法。
AIDS is the short term for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; it is mainly caused by Human lmmunodeficiency Virus （HIV）. The major measures that are usually taken to control the spread of AIDS include preventing, popularizing HIV antigen antibodies testing and discovering infected patients as early as possible. Serum immunological experiment is still the major basis of laboratory HIV diagnosis; and early phase testing of HIV antibodies, indirect diagnosis of HIV infection, HIV P24 antigen test, virus separation, HIV virus load test, HIV Nucleic Acid test and CD4 cell counting are employed as supplementary diagnosis. As a result of the rapid development of molecular biology, more methods of HIV testing are enabled including the Polymerase Chain Reaction （PCR）, the Enhanced real - time PCR and the application of genetic chip. The following article summarizes the serological method for experimental testing of HIV, technologies of genetic diagnosis of Polymerase Chain Reaction, the latest progress of the technologies of genetic chip, and evaluates the CD4 cell counting method of the immunity functions.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2005年第12期1904-1906,共3页
Occupation and Health
