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中学生考试焦虑表现的性别差异 被引量:18

Gender difference of test anxiety in secondary school students
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摘要 目的:分析中学生考试焦虑性别差异及造成差异的原因。方法:2003-12-20/24随机分层整群抽取哈尔滨市某区两所中学(一所初中、一所高中)学生941人作为调查对象。采用Sarason考试焦虑量表(12分以下表示考试焦虑处于较低水平,12~20分属于中等水平,20分以上属于较高水平);特质焦虑问卷(每一项进行1~4级评分,1:几乎没有,2:有些,3:经常,4:几乎总是如此);父母养育方式评价量表(包括父亲教养方式6个因子,母亲教养方式5个因子);艾森克个性问卷(分神经质,外向-内向,精神质,虚假、掩饰效度4个分量表共88个项目);自拟问卷(包括自我负面认知、学校社会压力、父母压力、对考试的态度和自我期望5个方面内容,每个表由6~9个小题构成,是或否做答)对学生进行调查。结果:①不同性别中学生考试焦虑情况:女生考试焦虑平均水平大于男生(17.65±7.03,16.69±6.81,P=0.039),女生较低、中度和较高考试焦虑者的构成比大于男生,女生较高考试焦虑者的比例占到36.1%。②不同性别中学生考试焦虑影响因素之间的比较:男生的精神质、父亲教育方式中的惩罚严厉、过分干涉、拒绝否认、过度保护,母亲教养方式中的过干涉过保护、拒绝否认、惩罚严厉,对考试的不正确态度、感受到的父母压力比女生高(6.378±3.290,5.404±3.086;14.888±5.385,12.945±4.825;20.469±5.137,18.851±5.197;10.103±3.571,8.785±3.321;10.788±3.124,10.055±3.129;37.092±8.034,34.137±8.880;14.098±4.846,12.531±4.570;14.178±5.199,12.404±4.447;2.115±1.606,1.887±1.613;4.730±2.045,4.437±2.017);而女生的因为考试引起的自我负面认知和感受到的学校社会压力比男生高(3.502±2.123,3.118±2.026;4.532±2.062,4.153±2.080)。③考试焦虑与影响因素回归系数的估计及检验结果:对不同性别分别做逐步回归,自我负面认知、特质焦虑、学校社会压力和神经质是共同的影响因素,父母压力对� AIM: To analyze the gender difference on test anxiety and its causes in secondary school students. METHODS: 941 school students were selected from two schools (one middle school, one high school)at certain region of Harbin City from December 20^th to 24^th 2003 by randomized demixing in a whole. The Sarason Test Anxiety Scale (TAS) (less than 12 points indicated that test anxiety was at a lower lever; between 12 and 20 points as moderate; over 20 points as higher level), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (there was 1-4 grades in every item. 1: almost never, 2: sometimes, 3: often, 4: almost always), EMBU (including 6 factors on father educational manner and 5 factors on mother educational manner), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) (totally 88 subjects, 4 sections including neuroticism, extraversion/introversion, psychoticism and lie) and self-designed sales (including 5 aspects: self-negative cognition, pressure from school and society, the pressure from parents, the attitude of test, the self-anticipation, 6 to 9 questions in every table and reply with yes or no) were used to investigate the students. RESULTS: ① Test anxiety condition in secondary school students in different gender: The anxiety level in ( 17.65±7.03, 16.69±6.81, P=0.039 ). girls was larger than that in the boys The ratio in girls of lower, middle and higher was heavier than that of boys, and the incidence of high test anxiety of girls was 36.1%. ② Comparison of effective factors in secondary shool students on test anxiety in different genders:The neuroticism, severe punishment, over-interference, refusing to deny, over-protection in fathers' upbringing way, over-interference, over-protection, refusing to deny, severe punishment, incorrect attitude on test in the boys felt more pressure from parents than that in the girls (6.378±3.290, 5.404±3.086; 14.888±5.385, 12.945±4.825; 20.469±5.137, 18.851±5.197; 10.103±3.571, 8.785±3.321; 10.788±3.124, 10.055±3.129;
出处 《中国临床康复》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2005年第40期24-26,共3页 Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
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