摘要
抗病性是大麦和小麦不可或缺的重要性状。本文介绍了大麦和小麦的抗病分子基础研究进展:从大麦和小麦分离出的抗病基因编码蛋白的结构具有相似性及独特性;从大麦中鉴定、分离出抗病基因介导、激活防御反应所必需的一些附加基因,并发现在双子叶植物与禾谷作物的抗病防御反应中一些信号传导基因具有保守性,有利于对大麦和小麦抗病信号传导途径的理解和同源基因的分离;从大麦和小麦中分离出病原诱导表达的一些防卫基因。本文讨论了利用已克隆的抗病基因结构保守性和比较基因组学进一步分离克隆大麦和小麦抗病基因的潜力与限制以及利用克隆的抗病基因进行生物工程育种的可能性与局限性;还提出了今后发展方向,即不仅将继续深入研究显性单基因的分子机制,还将揭示持久的多基因抗性和广谱的非寄主抗性的分子基础。
The disease resistances of barley and wheat are very important for the successful utilization of the crops in modern agriculture. This review provided current advances on the molecular bases of disease resistance in barley and wheat. The disease resistance genes isolated from barley and wheat encode both structurally related and unique protein. A number of additional genes, required for activation of an R genemediated defence response, have identified from barley. Some of the defense signal molecules required for resistance pathway are conserved among cereal and dicotyledonous species. This allows functional homologues and interacting partner proteins to be identified, and will greatly facilitate an understanding of resistance signaling in barley and wheat. Some defense genes were isolated from wheat and barley. The potential and limit of utilizing the isolated R gene and cereal compatative genomics for further R gene isolation from barley and wheat were also discussed. And also there is the possibility of the new transformation breeding for disease controlling arising from R gene isolation. Future research targets will include not only further study the molecular bases of the single, dominant genes, but also durable polygenic resistances and nonhost resistance mechanisms.
出处
《麦类作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第6期139-143,共5页
Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金
国家"863"计划项目(2004AA222120)
关键词
大麦
小麦
抗病基因
防御信号
保守性
Barley
Wheat
Disease resistance gene
Defence signaling
Conservation
