摘要
入世三年来，随着国内豆油和豆粕需求的快速增长，加上国内压榨企业迅速扩张所带来的中间需求，我国进口大豆急剧增加。但由于国际供求形势的变化及基金炒作，国际大豆价格大幅上涨，国产大豆没有受到明显的影响，生产相对平稳，收益处于较高水平。为了应对入世竞争，我国在2002年实施了大豆发展计划，推广高油大豆，对大豆和豆粕运输免收铁路建设基金，以增强国产大豆竞争力。同时通过转基因政策和质检政策，加强对进口大豆质量和安全的控制。未来几年内，随着国际大豆市场供求形势的逆转以及国内压榨企业大型化趋势和布局的改变，进口大豆对国产大豆造成冲击的可能性大大增加。我国政策应在充分利用国际市场满足国内需求的同时，扩大对大豆生产支持政策的投入规模，拓宽支持政策内容，提高大豆单产水平和质量；发展和培育大型购销企业，改善国产大豆购销储运；加大转基因标识管理政策的实施力度，宣传和推广转基因大豆，提高我国大豆的市场竞争力。
With an increasing demand for bean oil and bean cake, and the expansion of oil processing companies, China＇s soybean imports have increased rapidly in the three years since joining the WTO. Although domestic soybean production wasn＇t affected noticeably, changes in soybean supply and demand in world market resulted in greatly increased prices. Therefore, to meet the challenges of entering the WTO and increase the competitiveness of domestic soybean production, the central government implemented the Soybean Development Plan, extended high-oil soybeans, and canceled the Railway Construction Fund for soybeans and bean cake in 2002. At the same time, Genetically Modified GM） and Quality Test policies were put into force to control the quality and safety of imported soybeans. As a resuit, imported soybeans will have a negative effect on domestic soybean in the near future. China should adjust its policies to support soybean production and improve the yield and quality of soybeans. Policies should also focus on cultivating largescale trade enterprises, improving storage and transportation, and promoting the labeling policy for GMO soybean products etc.
出处
《中国农业经济评论》
2005年第3期285-305,共21页
China Agricultural Economic Review
