摘要
农业生态系统复杂庞大,是由如麦田生态系统、水稻田生态系统、果园生态系统、草地生态系统、保护地生态系统等组成的一个复合生态系统。重点介绍农业生态系统中丛枝菌根(AM)和AM真菌多样性,探讨农业生态系统中调控AM真菌多样性的途径以及今后研究的动向。
Arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi are soil inhabitants in a variety of ecosystems including agroecosystems, forest ecosystems, desert ecosystems, sea island ecosystems etc. They form mutual symbiosis with plant roots and play an important role in increasing sustainable agricultural production and keeping ecological balance. Among the ecosystems, agroecosystems have many forms, and are very large and complicated. They include many subecosystems, such as wheat field ecosystems, rice field ecosystems, orchard ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, covered shed farming ecosystems, etc. Research into mycorrhizas, and particularly AM and AM fungal diversity in agroecosystems, has received more attention in recent years. It has been shown that agroecosystems have rich diversity of AM fungi. There are also large differences in morphological and anatomical structures of mycorrhizas developed in various agroecosystems. The functional roles of AM fungi include bioremediation of soils, induction of disease resistance of plants, increase of nutrient circulation in ecosystems, enhancement of sustainable agricultural production, and maintenance of agroecosystem stability. Both biotic and nonbiotic factors influence biodiversity of AM fungi. It is obvious that host plants are the most important biotic factor which affects AM fungal biodiversity. More and more experiments have proved that plant species diversity determines the species diversity of AM fungi under different modern agroecosystem conditions. There are large differences in AM fungal diversity between traditional and organic agricultural management practices. Fertilization, irrigation and other farming practices are also important strategies in regulating AM fungal diversity. There are four research topics in the present and planned study： （1） to investigate AM fungal diversity in rice field ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, and covered shed farming ecosystems, in order to verify the species and genera composition, dominant group or community, species richness, a
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第10期2744-2749,共6页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(30170622)~~
关键词
农业生态系统
农业技术
AM真菌
生物多样性
agroecosystems
agricultural techniques
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
biodiversity
