摘要
目的分析尘肺流行病学特征,为完善粉尘作业工人健康监护技术规范提供依据。方法运用回顾性队列研究方法对某地区20个厂矿的尘肺资料进行分析。结果该地区尘肺的流行病学特征是:(1)尘肺发病平均潜伏期为22.9a。(2)52.2%的尘肺是在脱离接尘后发生的;平均时间为9.1a。(3)尘肺Ⅰ→Ⅱ、Ⅱ→Ⅲ晋期率分别为48.2%和18.5%,晋期平均时间为4.1a和6.8a。(4)尘肺并发结核率为51.3%。(5)尘肺患者平均生存时间为Ⅰ期21.5a,Ⅱ期15.8a,Ⅲ期6.8a,25%的Ⅰ期尘肺患者生存时间超过33a。(6)尘肺患者平均死亡年龄为56.0岁,20世纪90年代中期为66.0岁,已接近同期正常人群寿命。(7)疑似尘肺(0+)的潜伏期为20.8a,发展为尘肺的发生率为48.7%,晋为Ⅰ期的平均时间为5.1a。结论尘肺是一种由于吸入不同生产性粉尘而引起的职业性肺病,呈慢性进展,脱离接尘作业后仍会发病,易并发肺结核,最终影响接尘工人寿命。完善并实施接尘工人健康监护体系是目前我国尘肺防治工作的重点之一。
Objective To analyze epidemiologic characteristics of pneumoconiosis in south central China and provide scientific criteria for perfecting the health surveillance regulations of dust-exposed workers. Methods Retrospective cohort study was applied to analyze pneumoconiosis cases of 20 mines and factories. Results The epidemiologic features of pneumoconiosis derived from the study were as follows： （1） The mean latency of pneumoconiosis was 22.9 years. （2） Among the total pneumoconiosis, 52.2% of cases were diagnosed about 9. 1 years after the exposure ended. （3）The progression rates of pneumoconiosis （ Ⅰ→Ⅱ , and Ⅱ→Ⅲ） were 48.2% and 18.5%. The progression times were 4. 1 and 6.8 years, respectively. （4）The complication rate of pneumoconiosis with pulmonary tuberculosis was 51.3%. （5） The survival times of different stage pneumoconiosis was 21.5, 15.8, and 6.8 years, respectively. The survival time of one fourth of stage Ⅰ patients exceeded 33 years. （6） The death age was 56.0 years, and 66.0 years at the mid-90s, close to normal life span. （7） The latency of suspicious pneumoconiosis was 20.8 years; the incidence rate from suspicious to diagnosed one was 48.7% with a mean of 5. 1 years. Conclusions Pneumoconiosis is an occupational respiratory disease caused by inhaling respirable crystalline silica dust. It is irreversible, often progressive （even after exposure had ceased）, easy to be complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis, and showing lifetime effect on the health of dust-exposed workers. One of priorities in prevention of pneumoconiosis is to perfect and implement the system of health surveillance.
出处
《工业卫生与职业病》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第5期273-278,共6页
Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases
基金
"十五"国家科技攻关课题(2001BA704B04)
关键词
尘肺
回顾性队列研究
潜伏期
晋期
健康监护
Pneumoconiosis
Retrospective cohort study
Latency
Progression
Health surveillance
