摘要
文化可视为人类所创造财富的总和,包括物质财富和精神财富。或者从动态意义上来说,文化就是人类物质生产和精神生产的总和。但是相关学术少见在这个最广泛的意义上讨论文化,如威廉斯言,我们一般从两个方面来理解文化:一是心灵培育和精神启蒙,这是大写的文化,即美学的文化传统,知识、文学和艺术是它的典型载体;二是一种特定的生活方式,包括一个民族、一个时代生活经验的方方面面,就像信仰一样无所不至,这是人类学的文化传统,或者说,它是小写的文化。文化从美学到人类学的理解,有一个概念演变的轨迹,这个轨迹见证了启蒙宏大叙事的消解,而最终显示,文化是普通平常的。由此伯明翰传统的文化研究背靠日常生活颠覆资产阶级的霸权文化,诚如费斯克所言,这里的"文化"一语重心不在于美学甚至人文,而在于政治,该是势所必然。
Culture can be considered as a sum of wealth created by man,including material wealth and spiritual wealth.In the dynamic sense,culture is the totality of material and spiritual production,the study of which can be rarely found in the academia.According to Raymond Williams,we usually understand culture from two aspects.One is spiritual cultivation and enlightenment,which can be called a macro culture.It means the cultural tradition of aesthetics with knowledge,literature and art as its typical vehicle.The other is a certain way of life,including everything in the life experience of a nation or an age.It is pervasive like faith and becomes the cultural tradition in anthropology,which can be called a micro culture.As human understanding of culture develops from aesthetics to anthropology,this change has witnessed the decline of 'grand narration' in enlightenment and shows finally that culture is just ordinary.With the back of ordinary life,cultural studies with the Birmingham tradition subvert the hegemonic culture of capitalist class.As Fiske said,the focus of 'culture' does not lie in aesthetics or even humanities but in politics,and this is inevitable.
出处
《文化艺术研究》
2010年第3期1-6,共6页
Studies in Culture and Art
