摘要
利用分离小孢子培养从甘蓝型油菜（Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａ ｎａｐｕｓ）和白菜型油菜（Ｂ． ｃａｍ ｐｅｓｔｒｉｓ）种间杂种中获得了胚和再生植株。所用的培养程序是，将甘蓝型油菜和白菜型油菜杂种小孢子在蔗糖浓度为１７％ 、ＢＡ 为０．１ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ的液体ＮＬＮ 培养基中３２ ℃下暗培养４８ ｈ，再转入蔗糖浓度为１０％ 的ＮＬＮ 培养液中２５ ℃下暗培养３ 周。不同杂种间小孢子胚胎发生能力存在差异，其中ＵＭ９２１（白菜型油菜）×９１１１８６（甘蓝型油菜）正反交杂种的胚产量显著高于供试的其它组合。供体植株种植在１０ ℃／５ ℃（昼／夜）条件下能显著改善杂种小孢子胚产量和质量。杂种小孢子胚产量和杂种植株每荚种子数存在极显著正相关，但杂种植株的花粉育性和胚产量间相关不显著。大多数甘蓝型油菜和白菜型油菜杂种小孢子胚衍生植株为非整倍体，２２．８％ 的植株起源于具亲本染色体数的小孢子，几乎全部为ｎ＝ １９ 的类型。
Embryos and regenerated plants were produced by isolated microspore culture of interspecific hybrids between Brassica napus and B. campestris. The NLN media with different sucrose concentrations and pH values were tested and a protocol for optimal microspore culture of B. campestris was identified. The reciprocal hybrids between UM921 (B. campestris) and 911186 (B. napus) had significant higher embryo yield than other cultured hybrids. Obvious improvement of embryo yield and quality was achieved when hybrid plants of reciprocal UM921×911186 were grown under 10 ℃/5 ℃ (day/night) condition. There was significant correlation between embryo yield and seeds per pod on hybrid plants but no correlation between pollen fertility and embryo yield was detected among cultured hybrids. The majority of microspore derived plants from the reciprocal B. napus×B. campestris hybrids are aneuploids and 22 8% of the plants observed originated from the microspores with parents chromosome numbers, almost all n=19. The factors affecting the embryogenesis in microspore culture of interspecific hybrids and the possible applications of the technique are discussed.
关键词
甘蓝型
油菜
白菜型
种间杂种
小孢子培养
Brassica napus
Brassica campestris
Interspecific hybrids
Microspore culture
Aneuploids
