摘要
泥石流是一种特殊的物质、能量大规模耗散的地表现象。在泥石流的形成区松散堆积物组元间的非线性作用，使系统自然地朝着临界状态演化，这种耗散动力学系统的行为特征，用自组织临界状态的概念能加以解释。泥石流规模与频率间呈幂律关系，它是自组织临界状态系统的行为标志，证明了泥石流暴发的自组织临界性．
A sandpile cellular-automata model which stems from the hypothesis of self-organizedcriticaliV(SOC ) suggested by Bak,Tang and Wiesenfeld is applied to development of debrisflow. The occurrence of debris flows,as a dissipative system, should be involved into SOC. In asandpile grains of sand are added one by one. After some time, the sandpile will evolve to asteady state in which its slope fluctuates around an average value. Once the sandpile is in thisstate, the addition of a single grain of sand can trigger an avalanche( a occurrence of debrisflow)of any size, The distribution functions of the size and duration of those avalanches obey apower law. On slopes of a debris flow gully supplied by abundant loosen accumulation,a break-out of debris flow is like an a valanche in sandpile model. The occurrences of debris flow can bedescribed phenorr1e nologically as the avalan che behavior. According to the data of debris flows for 40 times recorded from 1982-198 5 by theDongchuan Debris Plow Observation a nd Research Station , Chinese Aeademv of Sciences,apower law of frequency and scale of debris flow occurrence was found to obev a formula,lgN=8.6-1.05lgQ,in which N and Q are respectively the times(frequency)and mass(scale)of the breakouts ofdebris flow.P A, Johnson et al. have disccussed the question of the power law of debris flow,buthavn't mathematically proved. Statistical relationship between frequency and scale of debris flowoccurrences is firstly ealculated,which shows the debris flow is actually a kind of self-organizedcritical phenomena,because this power law is one of some manifestation of the seir organizedcritieality.
出处
《山地研究》
CSCD
1995年第4期213-218,共6页
基金
国家科委基础研究基金和中国科学院东川泥石流观测研究站基金
关键词
泥石流
自组织
临界现象
幂律
暴发过程
debris flow,self-organized criticality, power law1)Ptesent address:Sci.&Tech, Dept,No. 2 Surveying and Designing Inst. of Railway Ministry,610031,Chengdu.
