摘要
本文指出贫困是困惑人类发展的世界性难题。中国存在５９２个重点扶贫县，按照环境特点可分为三大类型，即：（１）中部山地高原环境脆弱贫困带，包括蒙古高原东南边缘风蚀沙化贫困区、黄土高原沟壑水土严重流失贫困区、秦巴山地生态恶化贫困区、喀斯特高原丘陵环境危急贫困区、横断山脉高山峡谷封闭型贫困区等类型；（２）西部沙漠高寒山原环境恶劣贫困带，包括新疆、青海及西藏三省区的沙漠地区及青藏高原高寒区等类型；（３）东部平原山丘环境危急及革命根据地孤岛型贫困带，包括东北沿边地区、华北平原低洼盐碱地区；东部岛状分布的丘陵山区革命根据地贫困区。文中还论述了环境与贫困度的关系，即环境愈脆弱，贫困度愈高，脱贫难度愈大。但致贫因子又错综复杂，在某些特殊情况下，自然环境较好，而交通闭塞，信息不灵，技术落后，也阻碍致富。同一环境不同的政策机制，可以引发不同的结果。环境改造与脱贫，一定要有宏观战略规划和分类指导的方案，并有切实可行的操作办法。贫困地区即使解决了温饱，依然是低标准，向贫困开战仍将是２１世纪中国的一项艰巨工程，只不过那时的贫困线划定标准有所变化而已。
Poverty is a world problem that limits social development.There are poor people both indeveloped and developing countries with a difference only in degrees.China has quite a big poor area. The 592 officially designated poor counties have over70% of the poor population in China(80 million).They are critically important in China’spoverty eradication.The 592 poor counties can be divided into three types:1.Central Mountains and Plateau Region,with five sub-types in this area:(1) Soil Ero-sion Region in South-East Mongolia Plateau;(2)Loess Plateau Gully Region;(3)DeterioratedNatural Environment in Qinba Mountain Region;(4)Karst Plateaus and Hills Region;(5)“Enclosed Areas” of High Mountain and Canyon Region along the Hengduan Mountain Area. 2.The High-Altitude Mountains and Plateaus in the West Deserts Region. There are 36poor counties in the desert region of Qinghai Provices,in Xingjiang and Tibetan autonomousregion,and in the Pamirs and Qingzang Plateaus.3.“The Island-shaped areas”in the Eastern Plain and Mountain Region and the Old Re-volutionary bases. The eastern part is China’s economic region, but there are still poor coun-ties in this area:(1)the north-east frontier area;(2) saline and arkaline areas in the lowerplains;(3)the island-shaped mountain and hilly regions. In short,environment has a close relationship with poverty, the poorer the environmert,the more serious the poverty. But the reasons that cause poverty are complicated. Some areashave good natural conditions , but have poor transportation and unsatisfactory technologywhich are the unfavourable factors that cause povety.Also national policy can affect people’s living standard.In conclusion,to make natural environment better and to get rid of poverty,differentpolicies should be pursued in defferent places.
出处
《地理研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
1995年第2期1-7,共7页
Geographical Research
关键词
环境
类型
贫困地区
Poverty,Environment,Classification
