摘要
2000年5月至2001年5月,对鹤山3种人工林下蚯蚓群落连续调查约1a,比较不同林型蚯蚓群落结构以及季节和环境变化对蚯蚓群落的作用。结果表明1各林型内蚯蚓均以西土寒蚓(OcnerodrilusoccidentalisEisen)为最多,年龄构成以幼体为主。豆科林蚯蚓个体数最多,荷木林蚯蚓生物量最大。几乎所有蚯蚓种类的个体生物量都以荷木林为最大。23林型下,蚯蚓个体数与生物量的季节变化差异有相同的变化趋势,但不同步。蚯蚓个体数的季节变异针叶林>豆科林>荷木林,林型之间蚯蚓个体数以豆科林与针叶林差异最显著;蚯蚓生物量的季节变异豆科林>荷木林>针叶林,林型之间蚯蚓生物量荷木林与针叶林差异最显著。寒蚓个体数季节变化与总体的变化一致,但其生物量变化趋势与总体相反针叶林>荷木林>豆科林,说明蚯蚓群落生物量的季节变化很可能受寒蚓以外的其他蚯蚓种类生物量变化的控制。3在一定范围内,蚯蚓个体数和蚯蚓生物量与空气相对湿度和土壤平均含水量显著相关。土壤平均温度在20～22℃左右,蚯蚓个体数最高,土壤平均温在23～25℃左右时,蚯蚓生物量最高,各林型蚯蚓个体数量和生物量最高时的土壤平均温度不同。降雨对蚯蚓群落的影响很大,对水分条件较差的豆科林和针叶林尤为明显。通常蚯蚓都是在水分条件较好的时候生长和繁殖,土壤水分过多和过少,都不适宜。蚯蚓的繁殖,受降雨的影响,3种林型下蚯蚓繁殖期基本一致。
An investigation was performed from May, 2000 to May, 2001 in three plantations of Acacia confusa (or A.auriculaeformis), Scheme superba and Pinus elliotii Engelm (or Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook.) in Heshan to examine seasonal variation of earthworm community structure and the corresponding environmental factors. Our results showed that Ocnerodrilus occidentalis Eisen was the dominant species in all three forests, and the age structure was characterized by having more juveniles than adults. The numbers of earthworm individuals in Acacia forest is greater than other two forests whereas the worm biomass in Scheme superba forest was the largest among the three plantation forests. Seasonal changes of earthworm abundance in the three forests differed with those of biomass. Annual change in earthworm density was greatest for the coniferous forest and least for the Scheme superba forest. Annual variation in earthworm biomass was the greatest in the Acacia forest and the least in the coniferous forest. However, seasonal variation in biomass of the dominant species, Ocnerodrilus occidentalis, was inverse to that of total earthworm community. A relative humidity or soil mean water content were correlated with the numbers and biomass of earthworm. Earthworm abundance reached the highest when soil temperature ranged from 20～22℃, while earthworm biomass was highest within the range of 23～25℃. Furthermore, earthworm numbers peaked at different temperatures in the three forests. The reproduction of earthworms occurred between March and May in all three forests when precipitation and other environmental factors were optimum during the year.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第6期1362-1370,共9页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(39970140)
广东省科技厅计划资助项目(C20403)
中国科学院鹤山丘陵综合试验站开放基金资助项目~~
关键词
鹤山
人工林
蚯蚓群落
季节变化
Heshan
plantations
earthworm commnunity
seasonal variation
