摘要
萃取过程的分配常数∧,可由Nernst分配定律导出: (1) (2)α和μ°分别为被萃取物的活度和标准态化学势,脚注s和w表示有机相和水相,△G°为萃取过程的标准吉布斯自由能。在萃取化学中,迄今尚未见到直接从理论上来推算△G°及∧的报道。本文试图引用定标粒子理论和物质标准迁移吉布斯自由能来计算萃取过程的△G°和分配常数∧。萃取过程可以看作是被萃取物M在有机相和水相中两个溶解过程之间的竞争。M溶于水相或有机相,首先必须破坏相同溶剂分子之间的结合,形成一个适合溶质分子大小的空腔来容纳M,同时又产生溶质与溶剂分子之间w-M和s-M相互作用。
This paper considers the extraction process to consist of two steps: (1)the creation of a cavity in the solvent of suitable size to accomodete the solute; and (2) the introduction into the cavity of a solute molecule which interacts with the solvent. Each step is a set of thermodynamic functions The partial molar Gibbs free energy G_c and C_i is expressed by applying the scaled particle theory in Eqs. (6) and (7).The theoretical calculation of the partition constants of inert gases by Eqs.(1), (4)—(7), as given in Table 1, are in good agreement with experimental values.
出处
《物理化学学报》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1989年第4期496-498,共3页
Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica
