摘要
概述了飞行空间走向障碍发生机制、分类、心理生理训练已取得的成就，论述了未来研究发展战略。指出，飞行空间定向障碍本质上是一种因人体空间定向系统无法满足三维空间运动环境而发生的空间认知错误，应从空间知觉水平上升到空间认知、思维和意识水平来研究其机制；以飞行错觉形态和空间信息传递感觉通道建立的飞行空间走向障碍分类仍有其价值，但应重视从空间认知水平做的分类：Ⅰ型（不可认知）、Ⅱ型（可认知）和Ⅲ型（不可抵御）；心理生理训练已取得效果，但对Ⅰ型空间定向障碍及其事故预防效果甚微。因此，心理生理训练的基本任务应是：养成和提高飞行员的仪表视觉走向能力、识别空间定向障碍的能力、控制自身错误空间知觉和排除其干扰施以正确操纵的能力。应建立完整的地面和空中训练体系。强调空间定向障碍的最终解决要靠飞行器空间定向系统的发展。
In this paper, the achievements on mechanism, classification, and psychophysiologicaltraining of spatial disorientation (SD) were summarized and the strategy of its future research and de-velopment discussed. lt was pointed out,SD is essentially a mistaken orientative recognition resultedfrom inadequacy of human spatial orientation system for the three dimensional movement during flying.The research work on SD should be developed from the perceptual level to the level of cognition,think-ing,and recognization. Although the classification founded according to patterns of flight illusion andsensory transferring channels of spatial orientation information was still of value,much more attentionshould be paid to the classification based on the level of spatial recognition:Type Ⅰ(unrecognized),TypeⅡ (recognized), and Type Ⅲ (incapacitating/uncontrollable ). Positive results were achieved by bothground-based and in flight psychophysiological training for SD, but not so effective in Type Ⅰ. So the ba-sic tasks of training should aimed at cultivating and improving the ability of instrument visual spatial ori-entation, recognization of SD,controlling erroneous spatial perception and excluding the interruption ofSD and executing correct operation. A complete training system both on ground and in night should beset up. It was emphasized that the final resolve of the problem on SD depended on the advanced spatialorientation system of flight vehicles.
关键词
空间定向障碍
飞行错觉
预防
Spatial disorientation Spatial disorientation preventing training
