摘要
哺乳动物的单配制通常被认为是社会性单配制,它不是单纯地由性行为来决定,而是由诸多因素,包括长期的pairbond、夫妻双方共同抚育后代、免近亲交配以及雌雄两性相似等来决定的。在这篇综述中,我们论述了如何以啮齿类田鼠属(Microtus)为模型,通过比较研究来帮助我们理解社会性单配制的进化以及其神经调控机制。对田鼠属的研究不仅证实了单配制起源于艰苦的生存条件的假说,而且还证实了雌性性选择可能有利于维持单配制。不仅如此,哺乳动物单配制的进化还需要雄性的prosocial行为的不断强化。例如,亲近行为可以促进pairbond的形成并强化雄性对后代的哺育行为,而这种强化则来源于神经多肽催产素(OT)和加压素(AVP)与类固醇类激素的相互作用。催产素和加压素调控pairbond和双亲哺育行为的表达,而单配制和多配制田鼠的催产素和加压素受体在脑内的分布有显著的不同。比较研究揭示了小型田鼠单配制的调控机制,而种内差异和行为上的可塑性则有助于我们进一步理解这种机制。比如,在某些条件下,多配制的草原田鼠(Microtuspennsylvanicu)的雄性个体具有哺育后代的行为。尽管草原田鼠的加压素V1a受体在脑内的分布与其他多配制的田鼠相似,但是如果脑室注射加压素,仍可以诱发其哺育后代的行为。
In mammals monogamy occurs in a form known as social monogamy, which is defined not by sexual exclusivity, but by a suite of characteristics including the formation of long-term pair bonds, biparental care of offspring, incest avoidance, and a lack of sexual dimorphism. In this review we examine the contribution that comparative studies using rodents of the genus Microtus(voles) have made to understanding the evolution of social monogamy and the underlying mechanisms, including the neural circuitry, that regulate the expression of monogamy. Studies with Microtus species support the hypothesis that monogamy may evolve under harsh conditions, while also suggesting that female sexual selection may help to maintain monogamy. The evolution of monogamy in mammals requires an increase in the expression of male prosocial behaviors, such as affiliation, which facilitate pair bond formation and male parental care. The increased expression of prosocial behaviors associated with monogamy are the product of the interaction of neuropeptides, oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP), and steroids. OT and AVP regulate the expression of pair bonds and parental care and polygynous and monogamous voles express significantly different patterns of OT and V1a (AVP) receptors. While comparative studies have provided insight into the regulation of social monogamy in microtines, the occurrence of intraspecific variation and behavioral plasticity has provided even greater understanding of its regulation. For example, under some conditions polygynous meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) males display paternal behavior. Despite the fact that they display the V1a receptor pattern associated with polygyny, central administration of vasopressin stimulates the expression of paternal behavior. In the monogamous prairie vole(Microtus ochrogaster), voles from Illinois display high levels of prosocial behavior, while prairie voles from Kansas are much less social and are sexually dimorphic. While the expression of OT or V1a receptor patterns
出处
《兽类学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第2期182-199,共18页
Acta Theriologica Sinica
基金
ThisworkwassupportedbygrantsfromNIHMH 0 1992 (co sponsoredbyNIHCD
BSC)
HD 3 8490 (BSC
GEH)
HD 412 93 (KMK)
