摘要
在２３例成人新鲜标本和２０，例儿童固定标本上，对颈横动脉颈段皮支的解剖特点与胸肩峰动脉、胸廓内动脉的穿支吻合情况进行了研究，提出了可以跨轴型皮瓣供区设计一个新的、较各个轴型皮瓣大的皮瓣，并对颈横动脉颈段皮支皮瓣的手术设计及操作时的注意事项向临床医生提出了建议。颈横动脉一般起自甲状颈干，从起点到斜方肌前缘称为颈横动脉颈段。颈横动脉颈段在胸锁关节旁开６．０ｃｍ（儿童３．０ｃｍ），锁骨上２．０ｃｍ（儿童２．０ｃｍ）恒定发出一外径为１．１ｍｍ（儿童０．９ｍｍ）的直接皮肤动脉，向外、向下行走进入锁骨上、下区皮肤，并与胸肩峰动脉皮支、胸廓内动脉的第２、３穿支有丰富的吻合。此皮瓣的回流静脉有颈横静脉、颈前静脉、颈外静脉。尤其后两者恒定且外径大，在２．５～３．０ｍｍ间。皮瓣的感觉神经有颈横神经和锁骨上神经的分支。颈横动脉颈段皮支皮瓣的设计：后界：斜方肌前缘到肩峰水平；外侧界：自肩峰并沿腋前线向下设计；内侧界：胸骨中线：下界：第２肋间甚至乳头上方水平，皮瓣最大面积１８×２０ｃｍ。蒂部在胸锁乳突肌外缘及锁骨中点上１．８ｃｍ（儿童１．５ｃｍ）处。可带皮肤蒂、皮下蒂旋转，也可作吻合血管的游离皮瓣。
ased on 23 fresh adult
and 20 formalin fixed child cadaveric specimens,the transverse
cervi-cal artery was observed.It originates from thyrocervical trunk.
The segment from its origin tothe front boundary of trapezius muscle
is called the cervical segment of the transverse cervical atr-ery.The
segment constantly sends a cutaneous arterial branch with an external
diameter of 1.1mm(0.9mm for children)at the position 2.0cm(1.0cm for
children) above the clevicle and 6.0cm(3.0cm for children)to the
sternoclavictilar articulation. The cutaneous arterial branch
anas-tomoses with the cutaneous branch of thoracoacromial artery and
the 2nd and 3rd perforators ofinternal thoracic artery. Pedicled with
the cervical segment of the transverse cervical artery,anew axial
cervicothoracic flap was designed with a maximum area of up to 18×
20cm￣2.the originof the arterial pedicle of the flap is1.8cm(1.5cm
for children)above the middle point of clavicleat the lateral border
of sternocleidomastoid muscle,Key point;in clinical application was
afford-ed.
出处
《中国临床解剖学杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
1994年第2期81-84,共4页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy
关键词
颈横动脉
皮瓣
颈部
胸部
解剖学
transverse cervicle artery
flap
cervicothoracic
region.
