摘要
文化,尤其是传统文化,是一柄利、害参半的双刃剑。本文采用文化是“观念”的定义,从经典政治经济学的立场讨论文化的理想程度(简称“质量”),以为认识文化的利、害提供依据。作为观念的文化是否有利生产力的发展,是文化理想程度唯一的标准。文化的质量可以度量,社会资本理论为局部文化质量及其度量提供了理论根据和数学公式,其结论可推广到广义文化的宏观研究。历史上和当代不理想文化实例为文化的质量及其度量提供了佐证。
A qualitative discussion of culture is possible because culture has been defined as “a flow of cultural ideas.' Since producing things and living a life are all we humans do, there must be two types of cultural ideas: those concerning “modes of living' and those “modes of production.' That makes it clear that, not only can production modes be termed, testified, and measured as backward or advanced, even modes of living can be followed to fit or fetter production. This means that the quality of culture can be measured in terms of the extent to which culture favors production. In practice such measurement draws on social capital theories and related mathematical formulas, as related in this paper. Quality of culture thus clarified is illustrated with historical and present-day instances of undesirable cultures. Benefiting from results of studies on the micro-level, this paper is an instance of how such results can be applied to macro-level situations, where conclusions about culture in general are sought.
出处
《北京交通大学学报（社会科学版）》
2005年第1期61-67,共7页
Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(Social Sciences Edition)
