摘要
目的 探讨毒鼠强及其医疗废弃物的安全处理方法。方法 为考察毒鼠强在酸、碱及高温条件下的化学稳定性,分别将毒鼠强置于氢氧化钠、盐酸、硫酸和硝酸中,在不同酸碱浓度、温度和时间条件下进行处理,处理结束后用气相色谱法测定毒鼠强的残留量,评价毒鼠强的消解率;将毒鼠强置于密封的安瓿瓶中,在不同温度、不同时间条件下进行烘烤,处理结束后测定毒鼠强的残留量,评价毒鼠强的消解效率。为考察活性炭对水和血中毒鼠强的吸附效率,分别将活性炭置于含毒鼠强的水及血中,室温下静置 24h后测定水及血中的毒鼠强残留量,评价活性炭对血及水中毒鼠强的吸附效率。结果 毒鼠强在 100℃、6. 0mol/L盐酸中处理 0 .5h即完全消解,在 3 0mol/L盐酸及6. 0mol/L氢氧化钠中则需 3h;在浓硫酸和浓硝酸中室温放置 24h亦可完全消解。毒鼠强在 300℃高温下处理 4 .5h可以完全消解。活性炭能有效地吸附水或血中的毒鼠强,平均吸附率在 90%以上。结论 对毒鼠强原料药或杀鼠剂成品宜采用酸、碱湿法消解;对受毒鼠强污染的固体废弃物宜采用高温消解;对医疗废弃液,先用活性炭吸附其中的毒鼠强后,再进行高温消解。
Objective To develop suitable methods for safety destruction of tetramethylene disulfotetramine (TETS) and the medical wastes polluted by TETS.Methods The chemical stability of TETS was evaluated under the conditions of acid, alkali and high temperature.TETS was treated with sodiumhydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid under various treatment conditions, i.e.concentration, temperature and time, followed by determining remaining TETS using gas chromatogramas to estimating the degradation efficiency of TETS.TETS was put into ampoule and heated under the different conditions of temperature and time.After heat treatment, TETS residue was determined.For evaluating the absorption factor of active carbon to TETS in water and blood, active carbon was added into the water and blood with content of TETS, incubated at room temperature for 24 hours, and then determined the remaining TETS in water and blood.Results The complete degradation of TETS was achieved by one of the following treatments: heating with 6.0 mol/L hydrochloric acid at 100℃ for half an hour, heating with 3.0 mol/L hydrochloric acid or 6.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide at 100℃ for 3 hours, mixing with concentrated sulfuric acid or nitric acid at room temperature for 24 hours, and dry heating at 300℃ for 4.5 hours.Active carbon showed a marked effectiveness in absorbing the TETS in blood and water, with the mean absorption efficiency of over 90%.Conclusions The results of this study suggest that TETS powder should be degraded by acid or alkali, and that the solid medical wastes polluted by TETS should be destroyed at high temperature.For the blood and water having contents of TETS, the active carbon should be used as to absorbing the TETS and then be destroyed at high temperature.
出处
《中华预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第2期88-90,共3页
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
基金
国家重点科技项目(攻关)计划资助项目(96 920 37 19)
