摘要
烷基具有双重诱导效应，它可因电负性大于氢而吸电，也可受极化而供电。本文根据许多实验数据指出，当官能团存在重健体系或电负性大于３或极化度大于６时都可能诱导烷基极化供电。所以烷基在烯、炔、醛酮、羧酸及卤代烃中以供电效应影响反应的进行。当醇作为酸时，烷基表现为吸电效应；当醇、胺作为碱时，烷基表现为供电效应。本文并从溶剂化角度对醇、胺的酸碱性表现为偏离烷基电子效应的原因作了探讨。
Abstract Induction efect of alkyl is double quality,it may be an electron acceptor of on electron donor in different compounds.This paper set forth the double quality of alkyl from the competition bettween alkyl and functional group by electronegativity scale and polarizability.Through comparing the polaity of some compounds,we deduce that,if the electonegative of functional group is more than 3 or the polarzability is more than 6 the functional groups will poarlize alkyl and induce alkyl to provide electron.
