摘要
本文非昆虫细胞遗传学及细胞分类学原理与技术的全面评述；而是从细胞遗传学特征域称染色体特征）在昆虫分类学中的应用入手，重点提出与分析了昆虫细胞分类学中的种类鉴定、研究取材、染色体多态现象、多倍体及核型进化方向等基本问题，并着重总结了目前国际上细胞水平染色体数据的处理方法，即传统法、倒位法、数值法与支序法；最后，作者指出了正确看待细胞分类学重要性的态度。
The purpose of this review is to examine some of the basic concepts and problems relatins tokaryotype characters which are now available in the cytotaxonomy of insects and to introduce somem odern methods to entom ologists, especially to C hinese colleagues, who wish to use cytological characters to reconstruct phylogeny. These subjects are dealt with in five parts, namely, introduction,karyotype in insect taxology, some basic problems in insect cytotaxonomy, methods for thephylogenetic reco nstructio n based on the cytologica I data, and co nclud lug remarks.The uses of karyotypes in insect taxonomy are summarized into 3 aspects, i. e., identifying the taxaat different taxonomic levels, determining the rational taxonomic status of a given taxon, andreco nstructing the phylogenetic relationship among the taxa studied.Special attention should be paid, in the author's viewpoint, to the following problems incytotaxonomic studies. .These problems are: a ) correct identification of the taxa studied, b ) rationaltreatment of the tissue, c) careful distinction between the true chromosome polymorphism and the sibling species with their dissimilar cytological characters, d ) full understanding of eul)loidy, and e) exactexplanation o f the k aryotype evolutio n.A m ong the traditio 'al, inversion, numerical, and cladistic methods for phylogenetic reconstructionat the cell level, the author holds that the cladistic method is the best one, which is still not popularlyused in insect cytotaxonomy at present.The author agrees with Jones (1970X Moors (1984X Xu' & Hong (1987) and Hong (1990) thatcytotaxo nom y is not a panacea for taxology.
关键词
细胞分类学
染色体
系统发育
cytotaxonomy
chromosome
karyotype
haploidy
polyploidy
mixoploidy
inwrsion
chromosome polymorphism
karyotype evolution
phylogeny
