摘要
本文研究了我国70年代至80年代玉米生产上应用的主要自交系的性状表现,利用6×13不完全双列杂交模式分析了各性状的一般配合力(GCA)。结果表明,8D年代玉米自交系自身的籽粒产量、生物产量、单株叶面积和株型得到了显著改良;其余多数穗粒性状和叶片功能期也有一定的改良效果。与此同对,籽粒产量、生物产量、单株叶面积、茎粗和茎杆强度等性状的GCA显著提高;部分果穗性状GCA有所增加,但雄穗性状GCA降低。这些性状及其GCA的遗传改良进展,对增加现代玉米杂交种的适应性、抗逆性和产量潜力,降低种子生产成本都具有重要作用。分析认为,当前我国玉米自交系遗传改良首先在主攻产量和品质GCA的基础上,应重视根系与茎杆质量增强抗倒性、以及抗病性和结实性等性状的GCA。同时,还应注意自交系自身的结实性、产量、抗病性和根系质量的改良。
Characteristics of decade groups of maize (Zea mays. L) inbreds typical of those used in Chinese maize production in 1980s and 1970s were investigated, and general combining ability (GCA) of various traits was evaluated by 6×13 diallel cross. The results showed that grain yield, biomass, leaf area per plant and ideotype of recent maize inbreds were improved significantly; green period and majority of yield comopnent traits also performed better. At the same time, GCA's grain yield, biomass, leaaf area per plant, stem area in cross—section and stalk crushing strength were significantly improved; some GCA's yield component traits also increased, but that of trassel characters decreased. The genetic gains of above traits and their GCA's played the important roles in increasing the adaptability, stress resistance and yield potential of recent hybrids, and in reducing the production cost of hybrid seeds. We suggest that the further improvement of available maize inbreds should be emphasized on GCA's root and stalk quality, disease resistance and fertility on the basis of that of grain yield and nutritional quality; and pay attention to fertility, grain yield, disease resistance and root quality of inbred per se.
出处
《四川农业大学学报》
CSCD
1993年第1期56-63,共8页
Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University
关键词
玉米
自交系
配合力
遗传改良
CORN
INBREDS
ABILITY
GENETIC IMPROVEMENT
BREEDING OBJECTIVES
SELFING
