摘要
在北京地区中等土壤肥力条件下,引种饲用菊苣,并开展其生态生物学、生产性能及其高产栽培技术的试验研究。试验结果表明,菊苣在北京地区具有很好的生态适应性,生长期达250d左右,利用时期长达6个月,具有较强的抗病虫能力。春播当年可生产干草17201kg/hm2以上,第2年可生产干草23093.9kg/hm2以上。菊苣莲座叶簇期、抽茎期、初花期的粗蛋白质含量分别为25.0%、21.68%、16.75%;而粗纤维分别为27.4%、31.4%、39.0%。菊苣存在明显的"光午休"现象,其叶片净光合速率在莲座叶簇期即达到最大,在抽茎初期开始下降,在现蕾期又略有回升。叶片蒸腾速率变化,现蕾期>抽茎初期>莲座叶簇期。叶片净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)存在弱的二次线性相关关系,即Pn=-0.3365×Tr2+8.4787×Tr-34.453,R2=0.5563。适时适量施肥可以有效增加菊苣产量、单株重量,促进菊苣快速再生。菊苣最佳收获利用时期在初花期之前,留茬高度5～6cm,有利于菊苣越冬返青和再生。
The ecological and biological characteristics, productivity and high-yield planting technologies of Cichorium intybus are studied in Beijing. The results show that chicory has great ecological adaptability with about 250 d of growing period and high disease and insect resistance in Beijing areas. It can be used as green forage for more than 6 month. Totally 17 201 (kg/hm^2) and 23 093.9( kg/hm^2) of hay were gained in 2002 and 2003 respectively. The contents of crude protein decreased while crude fiber increased gradually from the rosulating, bolting to early blooming. There is 'mid day rest' phenomenon in chiory. Its net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of leaf climbs up to the peak value at the rosulated leaf stage, then goes down, and rises a little at the bud stage. The results of transpiration rate (Tr) were budding stage>bolting stage>rosulate stage. There is quadratic linear relationship between Pn and Tr, that is Pn=-0.3365×Tr^2+8.4787×Tr-34.453,R^2=0.5563. Rational application of NPK can effectively increase the yield of community and single plant, and promote regeneration. It is most suitable to harvest before the early bloom stage, even at the bolting stage. It is also beneficial to keep the 5-6 cm of stubble height for generation and revival from transplanting of chicory.
出处
《草业学报》
CSCD
2005年第1期82-88,共7页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
"十五"国家重点科技攻关项目(2001BA508B23)
北京市科技计划项目(H020720010630)资助。
关键词
菊苣
引种
栽培技术
光合与蒸腾速率
Cichorium intybus
introduction
planting technologies
photosynthetic and transpiration rates
