摘要
本文使用了美国联合冰中心提供的1973～1989年的海冰资料,分析了南极海冰的分布特征,并计算和分析了净冰面积指数,由此得出海冰分布及其变化的特征。根据南极海冰空间分布的特征,将南极海冰分为三大区。Ⅰ区(0～120°E)是以普里兹湾为主体、北与印度洋相连的带状冰区。Ⅱ区(120°E～120°W)是以罗斯海为主体、北与太平洋相连的冰区。Ⅲ区是以威德尔海为主体、北与大西洋相连的块状大冰区。南极海冰的季节变化特征非常明显。夏季2月份的海冰最少,其净冰面积指数(不包括海冰开阔水域的面积)约为319万平方公里,冬季9月份冰最多,其面积约为1684万平方公里。冬季是夏季的5倍多。海冰的季节滞后于气温1个月,与海温的变化几乎是同步的。南极海冰三个冰区的周期性变化有显著的差异,Ⅰ区准5年,Ⅱ区准11年,Ⅲ区为6年。确切的周期性变化有待于今后深入的研究。
In this paper, based on the Antarctic sea ice data from 1973 to 1989 issued by the America Joint Ice Center, the distribution features of the Antarctic sea ice is analyzed, the net sea ice area indexes calculated, finally the distribution pattern of the Antarctic sea ice and its variation features are obtained. According to its spatial distribution feature, the Antarctic sea ice is divided into three large regions. Region Ⅰ (0—120°E) is a zonal area which includes the Prydz Bay area, and sea ice area extending from the Weddell Sea, Region Ⅱ (120°E—12.0°W) mainly includes the Ross Sea area, and Region Ⅲ (120°W—0°)mainly the Weddell Sea area. The whole Antarctic sea ice area is defined as Region Ⅳ. In Antarctic, the seasonal changes of the sea ice are very obvious, during summer, in February, there is least sea ice in the South Ocean, the net sea ice area (not include the area of open water) is about 3,190,000km^2, during winter, in September, there is most sea ice in the South Ocean, the area index is about 16,840,000km^2, nearly 5.3 times of that in February. The seasonal change of sea ice is one month lag of the changes of the air temperature, but almost synchronous with that of SST.
出处
《南极研究》
CSCD
1993年第2期57-62,共6页
基金
国家自然科学基金委员会
南极八五规划85~905~05~06资助项目
关键词
南极
海冰
变化特征
Antarctic sea ice
variation features
