摘要
在福建省南靖国有林场的小山城工区设置试验地 ,进行了麻竹林生态系统水文特征和养分动态研究。实验表明 :在一定降雨量级范围内 ,林冠截留量随着降水量的增加而增加 ,且较小雨量级时增加较快 ,较大雨量级时增加较慢 ,并趋于一定值 ;林冠截留量与一次性降雨量的关系可以用 Richards函数较好地拟合。由于雨季降雨量大 ,林冠截留、穿透水和茎流量都具有明显的季节性 ,穿透水和茎流量明显多于旱季 ,林冠截留率则明显小于旱季。全年林冠截留、穿透水和竹秆茎流量分别是 2 83.10、172 0 .4 5和 99.0 9mm。年均林冠截留率、穿透率和竹秆茎流率分别为 13.4 7% ,81.82 %和 4 .71%。在养分动态方面 ,在实验地分别实施全翻、带翻及扩穴 (即按农户常规土壤管理 ,每年 3月扩穴 ,不深翻 ) 3种不同的土壤垦复措施 ,结果显示全翻垦复措施地表径流的 N,P,K的流失量最大 ,其中又以中 K的流失量最大 (3.84 kg/ hm2 ) ,N,P,K的年流失量大小顺序为全翻 >带翻 >扩穴。就林地养分利用率而言 ,带翻是 3种措施中最高的为 2 1.2 2 % ,其次为全翻为 2 0 .4 6 % ,最小为扩穴 19.6 1% ,且 N、P和 K的年盈余量也是 3种措施中最少的 ,分别为 783.18kg/ hm2 ,12 0 .6 8kg/ hm2和 184 .5 0 kg/ hm2 ,所以带翻的经营方式 ,在带来最好的经?
The study on hydrological process and nutrient dynamics of Dendrocalamus latiflorus stand ecosystem was conducted in Nanjing National Forest Farm, Fujian Province. The results were presented in this paper. Within certain rainfall range, the canopy interception increased quickly with increasing rainfall during light rainfall events, but slightly during heavy rainfall events, and then tended to a fixed value. The relationship between canopy interception and precipitation was well simulated by the Richards Function. The canopy interception, through fall and stemflow exhibited significant seasonal dynamics, due to plentiful rainfall in wet season, the through fall and stemflow were much higher than those in dry season, while the canopy interception rate was much lower. The annual canopy interception amount, through fall and stemflow were 283.10 mm, 1720.45 mm, and 99.09 mm, respectively; and the annual average rate of canopy interception, through fall and stemflow were 13.47%, 81.82% and 4.71%, respectively. As to nutrient dynamics, 3 different ways of reclamation, overall ploughing, strip ploughing and ditch ploughing (regular management by farmers, only ditching around root zone in every March), were applied to the stands. The results showed that the annual loss of N, P, and K in surface runoff was the highest in over ploughed stand with K loss being the greatest among the three elements, 3.84 kg/hm^2, followed by strip ploughed stand and ditch ploughed stand. Concerning the nutrient utility efficiency of the stand, the highest of 21.22% occurred in strip ploughed stand, followed by overall ploughed stand of 20.46%, and ditch ploughed stand of 19.61%. Moreover, the annual surplus of N, P and K in strip ploughed stand were 783.18 kg/hm^2, 120.68 kg/hm^2, and 184.50 kg/hm^2, respectively, also being the lowest among three stands. In general, strip ploughing was worthy of being popularized in this region because it gained the highest economical profit without causing significantly increased soil erosion.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第11期2402-2411,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
福建省科技厅重大科技资助项目 ( 2 0 0 2 N0 0 1)~~
关键词
麻竹
生态系统
水文
养分动态
Dendrocalamus latiflorus
ecosystem
hydrological process
nutrient dynamic
