摘要
研究家畜粪便的物理指标与其肥料成分含量的关系 ,用来预测家畜粪便肥料成分含量。目前国外主要研究的预测家畜粪便肥料成分含量的物理指标主要有 :干物质含量、比重、电导率、流变学特性、p H值及几个指标的组合。研究表明 ,预测牛、奶牛和猪粪便中氮和磷的含量可用比重和干物质含量 ,并且用比重代替干物质含量更易于实现畜禽粪便营养成分含量的快速和在线检测 ;电导率可预测牛、猪粪便中铵态氮和钾的含量 ;此外家畜粪便的流变学特性 ln( k )和 p H值也可用来预测某些成分 ,但效果较差。同时采用某
The paper aims to present the authors' study on the quick estimation method of the fertilizer value of livestock slurries abroad. There is abundant content of N, P and K which can be recycled in the arable system to reduce the fertilizer input, but excessive application of them can cause pollution problems. Therefore, estimation of nutrients in the slurries is required. In doing so, the general practice is to send slurry samples to a laboratory for analysis, which is accurate but not attractive to farmers because of the time delay and cost. Therefore, quick estimation or prediction of the nutrient content in livestock slurries is highly demanded. In order to estimate the fertilizer value of livestock, it is of importance to study the relation between fertilizer value and the physical properties of livestock slurries. At present, physical properties of the livestock slurries exploited abroad are mainly dry matter (DM), specific gravity (SG), electrical conductivity (EC), rheological properties (ln(k)), pH and the corporate effect of the above two physical properties. It has been found that dry matter and specific gravity can be estimated by accounting the total nitrogen and phosphorus in slurries of cattle, dairy and swine, moreover, the specific gravity is even better than dry matter in quick test and/or on-line test. The estimated effect of nitrogen in swine slurries is even better than that with cattle and dairy slurries. The correlation coefficient of estimated potassium used dry matter or specific gravity doesn't seem better than 0.55. The electrical conductivity (EC) can also be evaluated for estimating the ammoniac nitrogen and potassium in slurries of cattle and swine. The effect of estimating ammoniac nitrogen in swine slurries is desirable (the correlation coefficient is better than 0.91). However, the conclusions of estimated potassium in slurries of swine and cattle do not seem highly consistent. Though rheological properties and pH can be evaluated by estimating some fertilizer values, their effects a
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
2004年第5期55-59,共5页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
教育部优秀青年教师资助计划项目
关键词
环境工程
家畜粪便
肥料成分含量
预测
物理指标
environmental engineering
livestock slurries
fertilizer value
estimate
physical properties
