摘要
哲学史上关于实践问题有两个第11条。一是马克思《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》第11条“哲学家们只是以不同的方式解释世界,而问题在于改变世界。”另一条为亚里士多德《形而上学》卷3第11条,可概括为只有个别才是本体,只有普遍才能认识。合起来理解可得如下命题哲学家们之所以只是解释世界,是因为哲学所能把握的只是世界的普遍性;但世界的本体是个别,改变本体才是事情的关键,然而作为本体的个别又不可认识。通过比较分析,该文得到的基本结论是理论只能把握普遍,实践则运作个别;任何一个实践中的个别都必定关涉众多异质性的理论的普遍,因此,没有任何一种理论的普遍足以单独表达实践中的个别之所是,惟有将这些异质性的普遍统合成一个特定的整体才能回答实践中的个别究竟是什么和应当变成什么。
There are two “Eleventh Points” concerning praxis in the history of philosophy. One is No. 11 of Theses on Feuerbach by Marx, that is, “the philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is, to change it.” The other is No. 11 of volume 3 of Metaphysics by Aristotle, summarized as “only individuals are substance while only universality can be known.” From their synthesis, such a proposition can be synthesized as follows: the philosophers have only interpreted the world because philosophy can only comprehend the universality of the world; but the substance of the world is individual, and the key is to change the substance. However, the individual as substance is unknowable. The comparative analysis in this paper reaches the conclusion that theory can only comprehend universality while praxis operates individuals and that any individual in praxis would involve universality of many heterogenous theories. Therefore, no universality of any theory can express alone what the individual in praxis is. To integrate these heterogenous universalities into a whole is the only way to answer what the individual in praxis is and what it should become.
出处
《中山大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2004年第6期155-160,共6页
Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)
基金
广东高校人文社科项目03SJA720001<理论智慧与实践智慧的关系>
