摘要
曹禺关于人类与宇宙的悲剧意识来自于对人深刻的"存在"之思。人类往往无法剥离存在的悲剧性处境以及焦虑,即使他们用行动力主选择并确证自我存在。悲剧是存在的最高形式,虽然意味着肉体的毁灭,但是生命本质获得了充盈。在存在与人的关系中,希腊悲剧更多凸现悲剧人物的英雄性与无畏性,而曹禺却更多暴露人的存在困境,表现人的有罪性与渺小性。但是曹禺并没有导入西方存在主义的虚无与荒诞而彻底否定人的存在意义,他渴望为了人能够诗意地栖居而建立一个有爱、有信仰的理想的存在世界。
Cao Yu's tragic consciousness comes from his profound thought about Mankind's ″being″. Ever since they were born, people frequently can't separate themselves from the tragic situations and anxieties, even though they choose action on their own initiative to prove their existence. Tragedy is the highest form of being, the essence of the life will be full with the extinction of the flesh. In the relationship between human and existence, Greek tragedies emphasize on the heroism and fearlessness of the heroes, but Cao Yu's tragedies choose to expose people's difficult positions. However, Cao Yu hadn't brought in the western existentialists who deny the significance of the life.Karl Jaspers once said people who had situation consciousness would have the sense of being. Cao Yu's earlier plays, concluding Thunderstorm, Sunrise and so on, all express a kind of situation consciousness. What on earth does ″situation″ mean ? It means restriction on morality and ethics. It means the fatal power which can't be explained with any reason, and it also means all the factors dissimilating the human's essence. Related to the tragic situation is human's anxiety. Fan Yi was in anxiety because she couldn't have love and prove herself; and Qiu Hu 's anxiety of guilt and condemnation came from the threat of morality and ethics.No one can avoid the choice of vitality, and tragedy is the result of the choices. The characters in the tragedies face dilemma of choices, but they are always able to conquer the subjective situations with astonishing power. For example, Fan Yi and Qiu Hu managed to prove themselves in a most extreme way. Their characteristic tension transcended the peak of the absolute center of itself, and the essence of life had been filled, but also eliminated. The dual significance of the tragedy boundary lies in that it is not only a success but also a failure, and the extreme affirmation leads to failure and death, but the essence of life will be achieved. This not only embodies the final significance of the choice
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2004年第6期124-130,共7页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
关键词
处境意识
存在焦虑
生命力选择
存在与人
situation consciousness
the anxiety of being
the choice of vitality
human and existence
