摘要
目的采用顶椎截骨治疗僵硬性脊柱侧后凸,并探讨其适应证。方法僵硬性脊柱侧后凸患者58例,男21例,女37例;年龄4～27岁,平均14.1岁。其中先天性侧凸31例,特发性侧凸26例,神经纤维瘤病1例。既往有脊柱矫正手术史者9例。术前脊柱侧凸Cobb角平均83.7°,悬吊位71.1°,脊柱柔韧度12.4%;脊柱后凸角平均78.2°,悬吊位76.3°,脊柱柔韧度23.8%。伴神经压迫症状者14例,CT或MRI显示椎管内骨性或纤维性分隔6例。全部病例均采用后路顶椎凸侧楔形截骨,截骨平面T8～L1,截骨后应用节段椎弓根螺钉系统或Luque器械固定。结果49例随访5～69个月,平均26.7个月。侧凸Cobb角平均30.0°,矫正率64.2%;后凸角平均21.3°,矫正率63.5%。术前有神经压迫症状者术后3个月恢复正常11例、明显减轻2例,1年后仍无改善1例。术后发生肺炎2例(3.4%),肠系膜上动脉综合征2例(3.4%),一过性单侧或双侧下肢神经功能障碍5例(8.6%)。术后1年以上畸形矫正丢失率平均1.8%。结论对重度先天性混合型侧后凸、青春期后的中重度特发性僵硬性侧后凸和手术后畸形加重的脊柱侧后凸患者,采用顶椎楔形截骨,可使畸形得到一次性矫正,降低了神经、血管损伤的发生率。通过节段椎弓根螺钉系统固定重建脊柱稳定性,配合支具外固定,患者可在术后3周离床活动。
Objective To introduce the indications and surgical technique of pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) for patients with rigid kyphotic scoliosis. Methods Fifty-eight consecutive patients (21 males, 37 females) with rigid kyphotic scoliosis were operated with PSO at the apical vertebra. The average age was 14.1 years (ranged from 4 to 27 years). Among them, 31 were congenital deformity while 26 with idiopathic scoliosis and 1 with neurofibromatosis scoliosis. 9 had previous surgery history. The average preoperative Cobb's angle of scoliosis and kyphosis was measured as 83.7° and 78.2° on standing films and as 71.1° and 76.3° on the distraction films. On the bending films, scoliosis and kyphosis were corrected by 12.4% and 23.8% respectively. The associated neurologic deficits were observed in 14 patients, bony or fibrous septum in the canal was found in 6 patients on the preoperative CT or MRI. All patients underwent pedicle subtraction osteotomy at the convex side of the apical vertebra with segmental pedicle screw fixation or Luque instrumentation. The level of osteotomy varied from T8 through L1. Results Most patients were improved in terms of pain and radiographic examinations. The average follow-up period were 26.7 months in 49 cases (ranged from 5 to 69 months). The average residual angle of scoliosis and kyphosis was 30.0° and 21.3° respectively. The average correction rate of scoliosis and kyphosis was 64.2% and 63.5% respectively. The complete neurologic recovery was obtained in 11 and partial recovery in 2 at three months postoperatively. One case showed no improvement 12 months after surgery. No patients developed severe complications while 2 had pneumonia(3.4%), 2 had superior mesenteric artery syndrome (3.4%) and 5 had temporary dysfunction of one or both lower extremity (8.6%). The loss of correction was 1.8% at one-year follow-up. Conclusion Pedicle subtraction osteotomy is a reliable technique for severe and rigid kyphotic scoliosis both in adolescents and adults, and for severe congenital de
出处
《中华骨科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第5期266-270,共5页
Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics
