摘要
第二次世界大战后不久,在美国主导下,日本以美国教育体制为模板,把战前多样化的高等教育结构更改为以4年制大学为主体的单一的高等教育体系。然而,却带来了高校人才培养同质化严重、高等教育结构单一化与社会发展不相适应、高校文理专业设置比例失调等问题,从而造成高校毕业生结构性失业和产业界需求技术人才奇缺等问题。针对这些弊端,日本从本国现实出发对高等教育进行了再改革,重新设立高等专科学校,遏制短期大学升格,调整大学、特别是占日本70%左右私立大学的专业设置,使高等教育从单一化体系转变为多样化体系,从而成为战后日本社会发展的重要动力。日本战后高等教育"再改革"也启示我们,从制度源头上遏制高等院校的合并升格、提高高职高专层次院校的办学质量、对地方高校转型坚持分类管理下的整体转型和专业结构调整相结合的原则,应当是中国高校转型发展、适应社会需要的重要途径。
After World War Ⅱ, Japanese higher education changed from diversified styles to singleundergraduate universities under America's dominant.However,somne problems such as the same talentcultivation,the dull higher education style off the social development reality and the inbalance betweenliberal specialities and science specialities began to arise.These problems led to structural unemploymentof graduates in the universities and the lack of technological talents about industrial circles.In view ofthese problems, Japanese reestablished higher junior colleges,contained upgradation of short-term collegesand adjusted specialities of universities,especially adjusted specialities of private universities about 70%of Japanese universities from its own realities.Through these policies,Japnese higher education changedfrom single style to diversified styles.The diversified higher education system become the main drivingforce for Japanese social advance. Japanese higher education's convert and development after World WarⅡalso inspire us,some principles such as the containment of higher colleges' upgradation from the springof regulations,improvement of quality of higher vocation colleges and classification convert of localuniversities accompanied the adjust of specialities should be the important ways to the chinese highereducation convert and development.
出处
《河南社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第3期111-118 124,共8页
Henan Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目(BIA130086)
关键词
日本
战后高等教育
再改革
策略
启示
Japanese
Higher Education's Convert and Development after World War Ⅱ
convert anddevelopment
tactics
inspirations
