摘要
《京都议定书》给清洁发展机制设定了两项基本原则,即额外性原则和可持续原则。该机制实施十年来,产生了广泛积极的影响,其制度设计的瑕疵也逐渐显现,表现在项目的"额外性"是基于虚拟情景,温室气体减排的客观真实性难以核实;可持续原则实施中的"反向激励"偏差导致对可再生能源项目的"挤出效应",项目地区分布不平衡;交易程序冗长复杂,交易成本过高;环境友好技术转移不畅。我国应注意平衡贸易与环境的关系,维护国家当前与长远利益,积极参与制定新的国际贸易与环境游戏规则。
Additionality and sustainability of Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) are two basic principles set by Kyoto Protocol.Since its coming into being,CDM has made a positive influence,yet there are still some defects in its institutional design.It reflects that the emission reduction of the greenhouse gas is difficult to verify because its baseline scenario is fictitious;the large scale CDM projects crowd out many energy-efficient projects;the transaction procedures are complicated that lead to high transaction costs,the environmental-friendly technology transfer occurs lowly among the developed and developing states.Therefore,China should take an active part in stipulating some new game rules for the international trade and environment.
基金
浙江省教育厅课题(Y200908820)
杭州市哲学社会科学规划重点课题(A10ZF01)
浙江省自然科学基金项目(Y6110803)
