摘要
沉默权制度发端于17世纪的英国,当时的英国政治宗教迫害愈演愈烈,法庭成为统治者迫害清教徒的工具。如何在法庭上捍卫自身权利对于当时的清教徒来说是愿意为之牺牲的一个命题。约翰.李尔本就是一位追求自由平等的清教徒,在1937年星座法院的审判中,他宁受酷刑也不愿自证其罪,坚持保持沉默的权利。正是由于约翰.李尔本的斗争,1641年英国议会确立了"反对强迫性自我归罪的证言特免权"制度。从此,沉默权逐渐发展成为世界上绝大多数国家认可的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在刑事诉讼过程中享有的基本权利。
The privilege of silence originated in Britain in 17th century.At that time,the British political and religious persecution increasingly became fierce and the court became the tool of persecuting Puritans.How to defend their own rights in court for the Puritans at that time is a proposition which they would like to sacrifice for.John Lilburne is one of the puritans pursuing freedom and equality.In 1937 before the Star Chamber,he preferred to torture to incriminating himself,insisting on the right to remain silent.Due to John Lilburne’s struggle,the English parliament established 'Privilege Against Compulsory Self-incrimination' system in 1641.From then on,the privilege of silence gradually developed to be the basic right of criminal suspects and defendants in criminal process in most countries in the world.
出处
《中南林业科技大学学报（社会科学版）》
2013年第2期47-51,共5页
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology（Social Sciences）
关键词
李尔本
沉默权
人权
John Lilburne
freedom of being silence
human rights
