摘要
山西地处高原,矿产资源尤其是煤炭资源丰富,随着能源重化工基地建设不断发展,采煤量与日俱增,同时环境随意之恶性化,产生诸多地质灾害问题,主要有:地面沉降、塌陷、裂缝、建设物倒塌、倾斜、开裂,地下水衰减、污染、枯竭。但由于各煤矿所处地质环境、开采煤层、开采层位各不相同,故产生地质灾害的模式也各有所异。本文旨在通过对笔者以往多项地质灾害勘察工作及所掌握资料的总结,浅析山西采煤地质灾害的模式并进行适当划分。 山西主要有大同、宁武、西山、霍西、沁水、河东六大煤田,多数为大型向斜、复向斜构造,仅河东煤田为向西倾斜的单斜构造。其中大同煤田主要开采侏罗系大同组煤层,宁武煤田亦有少量开采,共含煤7—24层,总厚24.3—26m;大同矿区可采14层,厚20m左右,宁武矿区可采5层,厚仅7.5m;上覆地层主要为第三系、第四系,厚薄不均;易造成地质灾害。其余煤田主要开采石炭系山西组、大原组煤层,共含煤15—17层,可采3—5层。可采厚度宁武煤田可达20m,河东煤田5—15m,西山煤田10m左右,沁水、霍西煤田5一10m。上覆地层主要为二叠系、三叠系、第三系、第四系,厚薄不等,在盖层较薄或地层软弱带易发生地质灾害。本文地质灾害模式即主要以上述煤田特征及造成灾害的程度进行划分。
Shanxi province is located on plateau. There is plenty of mineral resource, especially coal. Coal mining growing rapidly with construction of energy, heavy chemical industry base. At the same time, the environment is worsening, and many geological hazards are occurring, include land subsidence, collapse, slit, building collapse, slant, fracture, decline of ground water depletion, pollution and exhaustion. The pattern of geological hazard forming is various, because geological environment, mining coal bed and mining situation of each coal mine are different. This paper analyses superficially and classifies properly the geological hazard patterns by coal mining in shanxi, accouding to geological hazard exploration works.
There are mainly 6 large coal-fields in Shanxi including Datong, Ningwu, Xishan, Huoxi, Qinshui and Hedong, majority of these belong to large scale syncline and duplicate -syncline structures, only Hedong coal-field belong to monocline structure of diping to west. Among these, Datong formation coal bed in Jurassic has been mined mainly in Datong coal-field, of that has been mined a little in Ningwu coal-field. It contains 7 ?24 seams with a total thickness of 24. 3-26. 0m. There are 14 seams that can be mined in Datong coal-field, with a thickness of 20m. There are 5 seams can be mined in Ningwu mining area, it is only 7. 5m thick. Overlying strata are mainly composed of Tertiary and Quaternary , their thickness are various. The strata is susceptible to geological hazards. Shaixi and Taiyuan formation coal bed of Carboniferous contains 15-17 seams, among which 3-5 seams can be mined. The mining thickness is 20m in Ningwu coal-field, 5-15m in Hedong coal-field, about 10m in Xishan coal-field, 5-10m in Qinshui and Huoxi coal-field. Overlying strata are mainly Pemian, Trias sic, Tertiary and Quaternary, some areas are Jurassic and Cretaceous, the thickness of that is various. Geological hazard are proned to the thin strata or weak belt. According to coal-field characteristics as well as the d
出处
《中国地质灾害与防治学报》
CSCD
1997年第S1期110-115,共6页
The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control
关键词
地质灾害
模式
地面沉降
塌陷
geological hazards, pattern, land subsidence, collapse
