摘要
运用数理统计方法把我国新石器时代居民分为华南、华北两大类群,其中华北类群又可分为三个小类群。在人类发展过程中,南、北两群间及华北各类群间都发生过血缘混杂的过程。运用数理统计方法也可把我国旧石器晚期人类——山顶洞人和柳江人在体质特征上与我国新石器时代各组居民明显地区别开来。山顶洞人和柳江人分别代表我国旧石器晚期南北两个不同的地方类型。我国新石器时代居民的所谓澳大利亚—尼格罗人种或南亚人种特点可以追溯到我国旧石器时代晚期人类——柳江人、山顶洞人,这些特点是我国新石器时代组人类固有的特点,只不过在不同的类群中表现有所差异而已。
In approaching the taxonomy of Neolithic Man and its phylogenetic relationship to Late Paleolithic Man and Modern Man in China, the statistical methods used here are Penrose's shape distance and PCA (Principal Component Analysis) ; the physical osteo-metric data collected consist of Neolithic Man (15 groups male, 12 groups female) and Later Paleolithic Man (2 groups male, 1 group female). Eleven characteristics are com-pared: the Maximum cranial length (g-op); Maximum cranial breadth (eu-eu); Basi-bregmatic height (ba-b) ; Minimum frontal breadth (ft-ft) ; Maximum bizy-gomatic breadth (zy-zy); Upper facial height (n-pr) ; Orbital height; Orbital breadth (mf-ek) ; Nasal breadth; Nasal height (n-ns) and Total prognathism (n-nr<MH).
The results obtained from analyses are as follows:
Firstly, according to the scattergram based on the principal component scores, com-bining the dendrogram based on Penrose's shape distance, and also taking the male taxo-nomy into main consideration, while taking the female for reference (because the dif-ferentiations in physical characteristics among male groups, generally speaking, are rather larger than those among females), the Neolithic Man in China can be divided into two large groups: Northern China group and Southern China group. The Sout-hern China group is composed of Tanshishan, Hedang, Zengpiyan and Hemudu. The Northern China group can be redivided into 3 subgroups: a, Xiawanggang, Miaodigo and Yedian; b, Shigu, Dawenkou and Xixiahou; c. Baoji, Huaxian, Banpo, Hongshan-hou and Hengzhen.
Secondly, Hengzhen is a special group in taxonomy. It is located at the middle position between the Southern group and the third subgroup of the Northern group in the scattergram based on the principal component scores. It is theorized that there exist some blood admixtures in Hengzhen. Moreover, in the wide plane of Northern China (the valley of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River), the valley of Han River and Inner Mongolia during the Neolithic period
出处
《人类学学报》
1986年第2期114-127,共14页
Acta Anthropologica Sinica
关键词
新石器时代人
旧石器时代晚期人
形状距离
主成分得分
中国
Neolithic man
Later paleolithic man
Penrose's shape distance
Principal component scores
China
