摘要
"格物致知"是中国先秦儒家认识论的一个重要命题,强调实践对认识的决定作用。可是经过汉儒和宋明理学家的注释后,其基本精神完全被本末颠倒了。本文通过对先秦儒家经典的分析,指出汉儒和宋明理学家均对此一学说产生很大的曲解;指出"格物致知"的本义应当是通过对某事某物的考察、检验或穷究以获得正确的知识;最后简要评述此一学说对中国古代科学发展的影响。
The theory of 'Ge Wu Zhi Zhi' (studying the phenomena of nature in order to acquire knowledge) is an important proposition of the theory of knowledge of the Confucian school in the pre-Qin period. However, by the expounding of Confucianists in the Han Dynasty and the Confucian school of idealist philosophy in the Song and Ming Dynasties, the fundamental was totally put before the incidental as regards the substance of this theory. Through analysing the classics of the pre-Qin Confucian school, this paper points out that both the Confucianists in the Han Dynasty and the Confucian school of idealist philosophy in the Song and Ming Dynasties grossly misundersttod the theory, and suggests that the original meaning of Ge Wu Zhi Zhi should be the acquisition of correct understanding by the investigation, examination or inquiry of things. The paper also comments briefly on the position and role of the theory in the development of technology and science in ancient China.
出处
《自然科学史研究》
1988年第4期305-310,共6页
Studies in The History of Natural Sciences
