摘要
一、前言今天是伟大的科学家和思想家恩斯特·马赫(1838—1916)诞辰150周年。马赫是一位卓越的实验科学家和独特的理论科学家。他终生致力于科学的统一,在空气动力学、物理学、感官生理学、心理学等领域都作出了杰出的贡献。他对力学、热学、光学等学科所作的批判的历史考察,为二十世纪初展开的物理学革命开辟了道路。马赫从“不自命为哲学家,([1],第24页注)一再声言“
Ernst Mach was a great scientist and thinker. His philosophy of the monism of elements is different from subjective idealsm and solipsism. He criticized apriorism and mechanical materialism by using the philosophy of empiricism, thus blazing the trail for the revolution of physics in the early twentieth century. He put forth ideas to oppose metaphysics and advocated the unification of science, thus becoming the pioneer of contemporary logical empiricism. However, he laid even more emphasis on historical criticism than contemporary logical empiricism. His economic principle of thinking, put forward on the basis of the evolutionary conception of science, has played a role in scientific methodology. In Materialism and Empiricocriticism, Lenin's criticism of Mach is not quite correct and has exerted some negative influence on China's philosophical circles. The author proposes that Mach's skepticism and Carnap's principle of tolerance replace, in philosophical debates, the principle of partisanship advocated by Lenin.
出处
《自然辩证法通讯》
1988年第6期1-12,79,共13页
Journal of Dialectics of Nature
