摘要
伦理学的基本问题应归结为依靠社会舆论、传统习惯和主体内心信念来评价和维系的个人与集体的关系。个人与集体的关系作为伦理学的基本问题，也就是私与公的关系，其内涵除了利益以外尚有尊严、荣誉与价值，其结构包含本体与变体共八种形式。反映伦理学基本问题的基本理论可分为初级与高级两种形式，前者是关于道德权利与道德义务的学说，后者是关于道德基本原则的学说。因此，伦理学体系应当以阐明个人与集体及其相互关系，道德权利与道德义务的特定内涵、相互关系及其历史根据和发展前景，道德基本原则的历史演变。
The basic problems in ethics are to be summed up in the relationship between an individual and the collective evaluated and maintained by relying on public opinions, traditional customs and the subject's own convictions. The relation between an individual and the collective as the basic problem in ethics is also the relation between the private and the public. It connotes, besides interests, dignity, honor and value. Its structure includes noumenon and variety, which exist in eight forms. The fundamental theory reflecting the basic ethical problems can be divided in two forms, primary and advanced. The former is concerned with moral rights and duties and the latter moral principles. Therefore the system of ethics should take as its basic theoretic framework the expounding of the interrelationship between an individual and the collective, the specific connotation, interrelationship, historical background and the prospect of development of moral rights and obligations, the historical changes and the modern form and special position and value of the basic moral principles.
