摘要
比较成本理论是英国古典学派经济学家李嘉图在十九世纪初创建的国际贸易理论。160年来,围绕这一理论所进行的学术论争,时起时落,一直延续到现在。一部国际贸易学说史甚至可以说就是一部比较成本理论论争史。第二次大战以后的论争,不仅发生在西方、东方,而且发生在南方与北方之间,名副其实是世界性的。西方资产阶级经济学家的论争,主要是如何补充、如何修正,对比较成本理论的核心思想则信守不渝,在继承中企图予以更新。不论是新古典学派,还是现代各种学派,大体如此。具有代表性的意见是:比较成本理论作为一种纯理论,是不可动摇、颠扑不破的。但单靠传统的比较成本理论,已经不能解释国际贸易发展的新现象了。
Over the past 160 years, the controversy centering on the 'doctrine of comparative cost' had been carrying on till the present day, sometimes rising and sometimes falling.
In recent years, explorations and discussions were carried out among China's academic circles on how to make use of the doctrine of comparative cost to promote China's foreign trade. It should be admitted that this controversy is of practical significance.
The author maintains that the rational kernel of the comparative cost lies neither on saving social labour nor on mutual trade benefit, but on the core idea which constitutes the doctrine of comparative cost - the idea of relative superiority. The fact that this doctrine does not fit in completely with the practice of international trade (which is understandable), is not a sufficient proof that it is of no practical use value. Just as the international division of labour has its dual characters, so does the doctrine of comparative cost. This is where the possibilities lie for us to make use of the doctrine, i.e. to utilize its rational kernel and to apply the idea of relative superiority and the principle of comparative advantage to our work of foreign trade, so as to give full play to this country's advantage, while making use of that of foreign countries to serve our socialist modernization programme.
出处
《国际贸易》
1982年第9期26-32,63,共8页
Intertrade
