摘要
三元宫遗址位于湖南省澧县梦溪公社三元大队,南距澧县县城十六公里,北距湖北省公安县界二十余公里。地处洞庭湖沉积区——澧阳平原的最北边缘,再往北,是低矮的丘陵。越过约二十公里的丘陵地带,即为江汉平原。遗址所在地远古时应属丘陵伸入大湖的平缓坡地,以后湖面逐渐淤塞,遂与沉积平原连成一体(图一)。
With an area of 20,000 square meters, the site of the San Yuan Kung at Mengxi is situated in the Dongting Lake area in North Hunan Province. It has a cultural deposit of 1-1.5 meters in thickness. The first season of excavation was started in the winter of 1974 by the Museum of Hunan Province. A total of 16 trial trenches were made with an area of 296 square meters.According to stratified deposits, the San Yuan Kung site may be classified into three stages which lasted for a long time and underwent two successive periods of primitive culture——the Daxi culture and Qujialing culture. Their genealogical relationship can be obviously seen from the shape and form of vessels unearthed from the site.The early and middle stages of this site are the earliest Neolithic cultural relics ever found in Hunan Province. Among the relics unearthed many are red pottery with black inside walls. Most common vessels are bowls, basins and cauldrons with foot-rims and round bottoms (very few of them are with three legs flat bottoms). Open-work decoration is widely applied. Some vessels are decorated with concentric bands, incised wave patterns and impressed designs. Most of the painted pottery are decorated with whorl designs. A few of them are white clay pottery. Pottery bolas with stippling designs, pottery whorls with stippling patterns on the edge, elongated stone chisels and trapezoid stone axes are also unearthed. But no perforated stone objects are found.In the late stage strata of the site are excavated 23 Neolithic tombs which are closely scattered around. No tomb pit is discerned. In only one tomb (No. 16) are found 14 human teeth still on the mandible. All the other skeletal bones have rotten and disappeared.Among the funerary furitures are finely-polished perforated stone adzes, hoes, chisels, chipping tools, grey pottery made of fine clay and polished black pottery. A considerable part of the stone and pottery objects is typical of the Qujialing culture, such as footrimmed dou (stemmed bowls) and hu (wine vesse). Some
出处
《考古学报》
1979年第4期461-489,547-554,共37页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
