摘要
汉代是中国玉器发展史上承前启后的重要时期。以礼仪用玉和丧葬用玉为主体的中国古典玉器,在东汉末年基本上结束了,此后的中国玉器逐渐进入以装饰用玉和观赏用玉为主体的新的发展时期。探讨汉代礼仪用玉的渊源及其演变过程,对了解中国古典玉器将具有一定的重要意义。本文所论的礼仪用玉,包括古代贵族阶层祭祀、朝聘以及其他各种礼仪活动所用的“礼玉”(或称“祭玉”)、“瑞玉”及仪仗用玉等。
The ritual jade objects symbolic of social hierarchy emerged in the pre-Qin times. TheQin dynasty ritual jade objects were the same with those of the Spring and Autumn andWarring States period in terms of form. A tendency toward simplicity took place duringthe Han dynasty,as represented by bi-dise and gui-plaque. A major ritual jade form of theHan dynasty,the bi-disc exhibited a new change from the middle Western Han dynasty on-ward. Apart from the traditional hexagons, small nipples and whorls, there was a practiceof dividing the designs into an inner zone of hexagons or whorls and outer zone of dragonor phoenix. In addition,some articles were pierced at the outer rim in an exquistite way.However,they were rather decorative rather than ritualistic. Gui was also a common ritualjade of the Han dynasty. Things like yue-ax and ge-dagger-ax unearthed from the aristo-cratic tombs of the Han dynasty fall under the category of insignia.
出处
《文物》
CSSCI
北大核心
1998年第3期43-48,共6页
Cultural Relics
