摘要
本文将《马氏文通》与德国语言学家甲柏连孜所撰的《汉文经纬》（1881）作了比较，认为从世界汉语研究史上看，《文通》并非第一部完整的汉语语法，并非第一次为古汉语语法构筑起体系，也并非第一次系统地揭示出古汉语语法的特点。这些首创性的成就应归功于《文通》以前的西方汉语研究者。文章指出，《汉文经纬》在分析汉语时利用了19世纪普通语言学的成果，而《文通》则缺少普通语言学的支撑；《文通》的概念范畴和体系间架取自西方传统规范语法，其语言哲学或理论基础则源自中国本土哲学和小学，都与普遍唯理语法无关。《文通》的历史功绩在于，它创立了中国人自己的语法学，打破了文字、音韵、训诂的三分天下，使传统语言文字学向着现代语言学迈出了坚实的第一步；它将西方语法概念系统地运用于汉语，并可能是独立地作出了一系列发现，在中国学术圈内产生了巨大影响。
It presents a contrastive study of the German linguist G. von der Gabelentz's Chinesische Grammatik (1881) and Ma 's Grammar (1898/1899), the first Chinese grammar written by a Chinese scholar. It is pointed out that before Ma's Grammar, the grammar of classical Chinese had already been Systematically analyzed and its structural features finely described by a number of western scholars, among whom Gabelentz was the best-known. While Gabelentz based his study on the linguistic theories and methods of his time,such as psycho-linguistic analysis of word order and syntax-oriented approach, Ma drew inspiration from Latin grammar, without knowing apparently that he could have benefited from his Western predecessors.Nevertheless he was able to discover independently the rules governing the syntactic relationship between words, and his findings coincided in many ways with those of Gabelentz's. Today, when we commemorate the centenary of Ma's monumental work, we should not forget those Western pioneers who had contributed a lot to the study of Chinese grammar.
出处
《当代语言学》
CSSCI
1999年第2期1-16,62,共17页
Contemporary Linguistics
