摘要
覆斗形墓志(或称盝顶形墓志)是中国古代墓志中(特别是北朝中晚期至宋代之间)曾经占据主要地位的一种形制。本文拟就它的形成原因及其形制的意义作一些讨论。由此涉及到对古代墓葬中随葬器物之间相互影响的看法以及对随葬品、墓葬形制与古代思想关系的看法,限于篇幅,不能多举例证。不足之处,敬请师友多所指正。现在所能见到的最早的覆斗形墓志,属于北魏中期。在此之前,墓志外形有小碑式、长方形或方形石板式以及长方形墓砖铭等,
The epitaph with a quadrilateral pyramidal top is the most common type in ancientChina. Its symbolic form originated in the 'modeling on universe' in the traditional religiousthought. And this epitaphic symbolism with a long history was antecded by shi, an oracleplate often buried in tombs seems to be its antetype, and by the tomb chamber with adomed ceiling, as can be verified by the tomb murals and brick pictures of the Han dy-nasty. That the theology of the Confucianism of the Han dynasty pursued a course of evo-lution similar to that of structure and form of the then tomb can serve as another evi-dence. The epitaph with a pyramidal top that emerged in the Northern Dynasties took overthe symbolism of universe and mode of representation from the shi and domed-top tombchamber. It includes in it such concepts of universe as four fang, eight gua , heaven andearth, yin and yang. These things were believed to be able to guard off evil and give onegood luck. The patterns on the epitaph such as four deities, twelve stars, lotus flowers andeight gua all attest to that. An inquiry into ancient Chinese thought through the forms oftomb and things buried therein seems a rewarding approach.
出处
《文物》
CSSCI
北大核心
1999年第5期72-82,共11页
Cultural Relics
