摘要
异体输血可增加手术患者的死亡率,如何进行围术期血液保护,减少异体输血是麻醉医师的任务和目标。输血指征的有效执行是血液保护的核心;术前自体血储备、自体血液回收和血液稀释是减少失血和输血的有效措施;止血药物的应用既可预防失血又可治疗出血;控制性低血压和主动脉内球囊阻断等新老技术可显著减少手术失血;降低输血相关死亡率策略为血液保护的综合方法。
Allogeneic blood transfusion might increase the patients' mortality, and the decrease of allogeneic blood transfusion and the perioperative blood conservation are the clinical goals and missions of anesthesiologists. The efficacious performance of blood transfusion is the key point of blood conservation. The methods as preoperative autologous donation, cell salvage, and acute normovolemic hemodilution are efficaciously in reduce of blood loss and transfusion. Clinical application of hemostatic drugs can present the effects as both prevention and treatment of blood loss. The techniques as controlled hypotension and aortic balloon occlusion can also significantly reduce blood loss during operation, and are the comprehensive strategies to decrease the blood transfusion related mortality.
出处
《中国继续医学教育》
2010年第4期90-98,150,共9页
China Continuing Medical Education
关键词
围术期血液保护
自体输血
输血反应
Preoperative blood conservation
Preoperative autologus donation
Transfusion reaction
