摘要
2010年福泉山遗址出土具重要考古价值的象牙器,腐朽状况十分严重,为了能妥善保存这批珍贵的文物,采用扫描电镜、X衍射、红外光谱、X荧光分析,对其微观形貌、物相、分子结构、元素组成进行分析。分析结果表明,出土象牙器主要成分为碳羟磷灰石,其内部有机成分已完全流失,微观结构中存在的主要多孔道直径因长期受地下各类盐的侵蚀变大,直径范围0.33～3.6μm。象牙器组成除了Ca,P外,还含有其它多种元素成分。这些元素成分来源于象牙长期地下埋葬环境中各种盐类的侵蚀所致。它干扰羟磷灰石结晶,使其结晶程度降低、晶格稳定性变差。因此,采用B72乙醇/丙酮(1/1,V/V)溶液,对两件象牙权仗、一件象牙权仗柄进行了脱水加固保护,经加固的象牙器强度明显增加,颜色自然。为了对后续出土象牙器的更好保护,研究在B72加固液中复配分子粒径分布较宽的可逆性树脂聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVE),以有利于加固液渗透进入象牙内部细小孔道。经检测复配PVE的B72加固液成膜后透光率、膜强度等性能均无明显变化。
With the official excavation of the Fuquan Hill ruins in 2010,a large quantity of important archaeological ivory articles was found.Because of their long time of burial in earth,the organic components of the ivory have decomposed.In order to preserve these precious relics,the structure and composition of the excavated ivory were systemically studied using scanning electron microscopy,infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence.The results showed that the ivory contains carbonate hydroxyl apatite with poor cyrstalline.Due to salt erosion arising from the long term underground,many pores formed inside the ivory,with diameter ranging from 0.33 μm to 3.6 μm.The main elemental components of the ivory are Ca and P.There are also many other elements,which likely arose from the burial environment and have caused the ivory framework to weaken. An acetone solution of B-72 is a commonly used consolidant,but it has drawbacks,such as too rapid evaporation and easy formation of white films on the surface of the treated objects.In this work,we mixed different proportions of the less toxic ethanol with acetone to prepare a B-72 solution.This method seemed to be more effective by decreasing solvent evaporation time and inducing B-72 to permeate more deeply into the ivory.The physical properties of the formed films from solvents of different ratios were also measured.The results showed that the formed films have similar hardness,light transmittance and intensity.Two excavated ivory scepters and one ivory scepter handle were dehydrated and strengthened by B-72 acetone/ethanol(1/1 v/v) and showed good consolidation result and a good appearance. In order to to better reinforce other unearthed ivory articles,we also tested a solution of B-72 mixed with polyvinyl butyral(PVE),which has a wide molecular weight distribution and can penetrate into small internal pores of the ivory.The formed film had no obvious difference in light transmittance and intensity but had obviously improved film flexibility.
出处
《文物保护与考古科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第S1期33-40,共8页
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology
基金
上海市哲学社会科学规划课题资助(2011JG526-BLS413)
关键词
出土象牙器
脱水加固
朽蚀分析
清理保护
Excavated ivory
Dehydration and consolidation
Corrosion analysis
Cleaning and preservation
