摘要
查嗣庭案为雍正朝第一大文字狱,其诸多细节问题尚有待进一步澄清。导致案发的江西试题合于经术,切于实用,但未避开时忌。这并非概因查嗣庭"不慎",还与其问学与尝试试题改革有关,亦与雍正帝未公布本朝忌讳文字有关。查嗣庭《日记》批评康熙帝后期"用人行政"之弊,不乏识见,纪录雍正朝灾异,大抵载述亲历闻见。查氏为人正直,为官清廉,关心国事,《双邃堂遗集》、《晴川集》反映了其为人为官的真实情况,后世据雍正谕旨指斥其平庸、贪黩,实疏于考察历史的真象。随着查案审理的进展,雍正帝惩治重心移于整饬两浙士风,有其深层的历史原因,而查案从宽处理也是由诸多客观因素影响的结果。查案虽发生于清理朋党、科甲人集团的语境下,但属于纯粹的文字狱,不具备其他"政治斗争"的性质。
The literal case of Zha Siting was the most famous literary inquisition in Yongzheng period, which still had lots of details to clarify. Jiangxi test questions which caused the case accorded with Jingshu, tallied with practice, but didn’t avoid taboos. This was not all because of Zha Siting's 'careless', but concerned his thoughts about test question reform as well as the taboo characters that Yongzheng did not announce. The Diary of Zha Siting, which criticized the disadvantages of Kangxi's 'employing and administration' in the later period, had lots of views, and recorded the disasters in Yongzheng period with his own eyes. Zha Siting was a honest person and upright official who cared national affairs, Shuang Sui Tang Yi Ji and Qing Chuan Ji reflected his real situation. The comment reproved him as mediocre and avaricious according to Yongzheng's imperial edict was not so true. Along with the development of the case, there was inner historical reason for Yongzheng to tranfer the punishiment center to rectify the trend of Zhejiang literati, and the lenient result of the case was also caused by several objective factors. Although the case happened in the context of cleaning cliques and the best people group, it belonged to pure literary inquisition, had no nature of 'political struggle'.
出处
《浙江社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第7期130-136,142+159-160,共10页
Zhejiang Social Sciences
基金
国家社科基金项目"海宁查氏世家文学研究"(08BZW020)
国家社科基金重大招标项目"浙东学派编年史及相关文献整理与研究"(10&ZD131)研究成果之一
关键词
查嗣庭案
试题问题
灾异问题
为人为官
清初浙人问题
结案问题
the literal case of Zha Siting
the issue of test questions
the issue of disasters
humanness and official action
the issue of Zhejiang people in the beginning of the Qing Dynasty
the issue of closing a case
